Measures used in intensive care units to prevent infection: an integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20202144043Keywords:
Infection Control; Intensive Care Units; Nursing; Review; Universal Precautions.Abstract
Objective: to verify measures used in intensive care units to prevent infection related to health care. Methods: integrative review based on the data sources LILACS, SCOPUS, PubMed Central, Science Direct, Web of Science and CINAHL, whose descriptors used were: Infection Control and Intensive Care Units. Sample consisting of 146 studies. Results: thematic categories related to the relevant infection prevention measures were listed, developed in Intensive Care Units: bloodstream infection prevention measures, assistance-related pneumonia prevention measures, urinary tract infection prevention measure and preventive measures associated with general care. Conclusion: among the established thematic categories, care with skin preparation, oral hygiene, correct handling of the urinary catheter and daily bath with antiseptic were most frequently identified.
References
Basso ME, Pulcinelli RSR, Aquino ARC, Santos KF. Prevalência de infecções bacterianas em pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Rev Bras Anal Clin. 2016; 48(4):383-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21877/2448-3877.201600307
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Critérios diagnósticos de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde [Internet]. 2017 [cited Apr 19, 2020]. Available from: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/33852/3507912/Caderno+2+-+Crit%C3%A9rios+Diagn%C3%B3sticos+de+Infec%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Relacionada+%C3%A0+Assist%C3%AAncia+%C3%A0+Sa%C3%BAde/7485b45a-074f-4b34-8868-61f1e5724501
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Boletim Segurança do Paciente e Qualidade em Serviços de Saúde nº 17: Avaliação dos indicadores nacionais das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) e resistência microbiana do ano de 2017 [Internet]. 2017 [cited Apr 19, 2020]. Available from: https://bit.ly/2Is5KPf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections Progress Report [Internet]. 2019 [cited Apr 19, 2020]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/progress-report/2018-Progress-Report-Executive-Summary-H.pdf
Walaszeka M, Rozanskab A, Bulandab M, Wojkowska-Machb J, Polish Society of Hospital Infections Team. Epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections in Polish intensive care. A multicenter study based on active surveillance. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2018; 162(3):190-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/bp.2018.006
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC winnable battles final report [Internet]. 2016 [cited Apr 19, 2020]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/winnablebattles/report/docs/wb-hai.pdf
Soares CB, Hoga LAK, Peduzzi M, Sangaleti C, Yonekura T, Silva DRAD. Integrative review: concepts and methods used in nursing. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2014; 48(2):335-45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234201400002000020
Karino ME, Felli VEA. Enfermagem baseada em evidências: avanços e inovações em revisões sistemáticas. Ciênc Cuid Saúde. 2012; 11(Suppl1):11-5. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v10i5.17048
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRISMA Group 2009. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6(6):e1000097. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Maunoury F, Farinetta C, Ruckly S, Guenezan J, Lucet JC, Lepape A, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol solution in the prevention of intravascular-catheter-related bloodstream infections in France. PLoS One. 2018; 13(5):e0197747. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197747
Lin WP, Chang YC, Wu UI, Hung MC, Chuang PY, Wang JT, et al. Multimodal interventions for bundle implementation to decrease central line-associated bloodstream infections in adult intensive care units in a teaching hospital in Taiwan, 2009-2013. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018; 51(5):644-51. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2017.08.008
Atilla A, Dooğanay Z, Çelik HK, Tomak L, Günal O, Kılıç SS. Central line-associated bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit: importance of the care bundle. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2016; 69(6):599-603. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2016.69.6.599
Álvarez-Moreno CA, Valderrama-Beltrán SL, Rosenthal VD, Mojica-Carreño BE, Valderrama-Márquez IA, Matta-Cortés L, et al. Multicenter study in Colombia: impact of a multidimensional International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) approach on central line–associated bloodstream infection rates. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 44(11):235-41. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.043
Zhou Q, Lee SK, Hu X, Jiang S, Chen C, Wang C, et al. Successful reduction in central line–associated bloodstream infections in a Chinese neonatal intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control. 2015; 43(3):275-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2014.12.001
Khan R, Al-Dorzi HM, Al-Attas K, Ahmed FW, Marini AM, Mundekkadan S, et al. The impact of implementing multifaceted interventions on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 44(3):320-6. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.09.025
Khaky B, Yazdannik A, Mahjoubipoor H. Evaluating the efficacy of nanosil mouthwash on the preventing pulmonary infection in intensive care unit: a randomized clinical trial. Med Arch. 2018; 72(3):206-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2018.72.206-209
Meidani M, Khorvash F, Abbasi S, Cheshmavar M, Tavakoli H. Oropharyngeal irrigation to prevent ventilator-associated-pneumonia: comparing potassium permangenate with chlorhexidine. Int J Prev Med. 2018; 9(1):93-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_370_17
Gomaa MM, Wahba Y, El-Bayoumi MA. Pre versus post application of a 0.12% chlorhexidine based oral hygiene protocol in an Egyptian pediatric intensive care unit: Practice and effects. Egypt J Crit Care Med. 2017; 5(3):87-91. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejccm.2017.11.002
Burja S, Belec T, Bizjak N, Mori J, Markota A, Sinkovič A. Efficacy of a bundle approach in preventing the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2018; 18(1):105-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2017.2278
Al-Hameed FM, Ahmed GR, AlSaedi AA, Bhutta MJ, Al-Hameed FF, AlShamrani MM. Applying preventive measures leading to significant reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adult intensive care unit. Saudi Med J. 2018; 39(1):97-102. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2018.1.20999
Menegueti MG, Ciol MA, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Gaspar GG, Canini SRMS, et al. Long-term prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections among critically ill patients program and a daily checklist for maintenance of indwelling urinary catheters: a quase-experimental study. Medicine. 2019; 98(8):e144117. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014417
Menegueti MG, Ciol MA, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Gaspar GG, Canini SRMS, et al. Long-term prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections among critically ill patients through the implementation of an educational program and a daily checklist for maintenance of indwelling urinary catheters. Medicine. 2019; 98(8):e14417. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014417
Duszyńska W, Adamik B, Lentka-Bera K, Kulpa K, Nieckula-Schwarz A, Litwin A, et al. Effect of universal chlorhexidine decolonisation on the infection rate in intensive care patients. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2016; 49(1):28-33. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/ait.2017.0007
Vianna PG, Jr CRD, Simmons S, Stibich M, Licitra CM. Impact of pulsed xenon ultraviolet light on hospital-acquired infection rates in a community hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 44(3):299-303. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.10.009
Ethington T, Newsome S, Waugh J, Lee LD. Cleaning the air with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation lessened contact infections in a long-term acute care hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2018; 46(5):482-6. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.11.008
Ben-Chetrit E, Wiener-Well Y, Lesho E, Kopuit P, Broyer C, Bier L, et al. An intervention to control an ICU outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: long-term impact for the ICU and hospital. Crit Care. 2018; 22(1):327-45. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-2247-y
Spatenkova V, Bradac O, Fackova D, Bohunova Z, Suchomel P. Low incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and nosocomial infection due to a preventive multimodal nosocomial infection control: a 10-year single centre prospective cohort study in neurocritical care. BMC Neurol. 2018; 18(1):23. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-018-1031-6
