Fatores sociodemográficos e gestacionais de mães adolescentes associados à prematuridade

Camila Amthauer; Maria Luzia Chollopetz da Cunha

doi:10.15253/2175-6783.20222378741

Authors

Camila Amthauer Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-9809
Maria Luzia Chollopetz da Cunha Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-3756

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20222378741

Keywords:

Pregnancy in Adolescence; Risk Factors; Prenatal Care; Infant, Premature; Neonatal Nursing.

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and gestational factors of adolescent mothers associated with prematurity. Methods: quantitative, cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study, developed with 488 adolescent mothers and their respective 489 newborns. Data were collected by query and analyzed using the SPSS. To verify the association between variables, the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used. To control for confounding factors, the multivariate Poisson Regression model was used. Results: adolescent mothers were mostly single, with occupation and education inadequate for their age; 76.5% did not have prenatal care appropriate for gestational age. The prevalence of prematurity was 6.6% and was associated with the number of adequate prenatal visits, twin pregnancy, and vaginal delivery. Conclusion: prematurity was associated with the number of prenatal visits, type of delivery and pregnancy. Contributions to practice: the study allows health professionals and managers to have more knowledge about the repercussions of teenage pregnancy, as well as the clinical and social outcomes in maternal and child health, such as prematurity, enabling more precise targeting of actions and programs aimed at this problem.

References

World Health Organization. Preterm birth [Internet]. 2018 [cited Apr. 23, 2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth

Vanin LK, Zatti H, Soncini T, Nunes RD, Siqueira LBS. Maternal and fetal risk factors associated with late preterm infants. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020;38:e2018136. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018136

Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller AB, Lumbiganon P, Petzold M, Hogan D, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(1):e37-e46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30451-0

Quaresma ME, Almeida AC, Méio MD, Lopes JM, Peixoto MV. Factors associated with hospitalization during neonatal period. J Pediatr. 2018;94:390-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.011

Marques TM, Marski BSL, Souza BF, Bonelli MA, Fabbro MRC, Wernet M. Pregnant adolescents who experienced premature birth: perceptions about prenatal care. Esc Anna Nery 2022;26:e20210253. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2021-0253

World Health Organization. Adolescent pregnancy [Internet]. 2020 [cited Apr 7, 2022]. Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy

Aguía-Rojas K, GallegoArdila AD, Bonilla MVE, RodríguezNiño JN. Individual and contextual factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Colombia: a multilevel analysis. Matern Child Health J. 2020;24(1):1376-86. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02997-1

Maravilla JC, Betts KS, Alatti R. Exploring the Risks of Repeated Pregnancy Among Adolescents and Young Women in the Philippines. Matern Child Health J. 2019;23(7):934-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-02721-0

Marvin-Dowle K, Kilner K, Burley VJ, Soltani H. Impact of adolescent age on maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Born in Bradford cohort. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e016258. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016258

Amjad S, MacDonald I, Chambers T, Osornio-Vargas A, Chandra S, Voaklander D, et al. Social determinants of health and adverse maternal and birth outcomes in adolescent pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2019;33(1):88-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12529

Tembo T, Koyuncu A, Zhuo H, Mwendafilumba M, Manasyan A. The association of maternal age with adverse neonatal outcomes in Lusaka, Zambia: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):684. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03361-5

Paixao ES, Blencowe H, Falcao IR, Ohuma EO, Rocha AS, Alves FJO, et al. Risk of mortality for small newborns in Brazil, 2011-2018: a national birth cohort study of 17.6 million records from routine register-based linked data. The Lancet. 2021;3:100045. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100045

Almeida AHV, Gama SGN, Costa MCO, Carmo CN, Pacheco VE, Martinelli KG, et al. Prematuridade e gravidez na adolescência no Brasil, 2011-2012. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020;36(12):00145919. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00145919

Bruno SKB, Rocha HAL, Rocha SGMO, Araújo DABS, Campos JS, Silva AC, et al. Prevalence, socioeconomic factors and obstetric outcomes associated with adolescent motherhood in Ceará, Brazil: a population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21:616. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04088-7

Oliveira LL, Gonçalves AC, Costa JSD, Bonilha ALL. Maternal and neonatal factors related to prematurity. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2016;50(3):382-9.doi:http://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420160000400002

Ministério da Saúde (BR). Atenção ao pré-natal de baixo risco [Internet]. 2012 [cited Apr 7, 2022]. Available from: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/cadernos_atencao_basica_32_prenatal.pdf

Ministério da Educação (BR). Jovens de 15 a 17 anos no ensino fundamental: caderno de reflexões. Diretoria de Concepções e Orientações Curriculares para a Educação Básica. Coordenação Geral de Ensino Fundamental [Internet]. 2011 [cited Apr 7, 2022]. Available from: http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=8301-coef2011-caderno-reflexoes&Itemid=30192

Agampodi TC, Wickramasinghe ND, Jayakodi HG, Amarasinghe GS, Warnasekara JN, Hettiarachchi AU, et al. The hidden burden of adolescent pregnancies in rural Sri Lanka; findings of the Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21:494. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03977-1

Nguyen PH, Scott S, Neupane S, Tran LM, Menon P. Social, biological, and programmatic factors linking adolescent pregnancy and early childhood undernutrition: a path analysis of India’s 2016 National Family and Health Survey. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019;3(7):463-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30110-5

Pérez W, Selling KE, Blandón EZ, Peña R, Contreras M, Persson LA, et al. Trends and factors related to adolescent pregnancies: an incidence trend and conditional inference trees analysis of northern Nicaragua demographic surveillance data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):749. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04215-4

Bicalho MLC, Araújo FG, Andrade GN, Martins EF, Felisbino-Mendes MS. Trends in fertility rates, proportion of antenatal consultations and caesarean sections among Brazilian adolescents. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(Suppl 4):e20200884. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0884

Almeida AHV, Gama SGN, Costa MCO, Viellas EF, Martinelli KG, Leal MC. Economic and racial inequalities in the prenatal care of pregnant teenagers in Brazil, 2011-2012. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant. 2019;19(1):43-52. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042019000100003

Santos LAV, Lara MO, Lima RCR, Rocha AR, Rocha EM, Glória JCR, et al. História gestacional e características da assistência pré-natal de puérperas adolescentes e adultas em uma maternidade do interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2018;23(2):617-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018232.10962016

Risco-Sánches O, Zambrano-Tanaka E, Guerrero-Borrego N, Surita F. Buenas prácticas en la atención prenatal a adolescentes embarazadas: perspectivas de profesionales de la salud. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. 2021;72(3):244-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.3695

Gomes CBA, Dias RS, Silva WGB, Pacheco MAB, Sousa FGM, Loyola CMD. Prenatal nursing consultation: narratives of pregnant women and nurses. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2019;28:e20170544. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2017-0544

Souza ML, Lynn FA, Johnston L, Tavares ECT, Brüggemann OM, Botelho LJ. Fertility rates and perinatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies: a retrospective population-based study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2017;25:e2876. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1820.2876

Rocha AS, Ribeiro-Silva RC, Fiacone RL, Paixão ES, Falcão IR, Alves FJO, et al. Differen- ces in risk factors for incident and recurrent preterm birth: a population-based linkage of 3.5 million births from the CIDACS birth cohort. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):111. doi: https://dx.oi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02313-4