Biochar pellets as soil conditioner on the growth of Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás

Abstract

The use of biochar in agriculture remains controversial due to the amounts applied and the small size of the particles which can cause respiratory problems when inhaled. With the aim of evaluating the effects of cattle manure biochar (CMB) on the chemical attributes of the soil and on plant growth and nutrition, a greenhouse experiment was conducted, with Urochloa brizantha ‘BRS Paiaguás’ grown in pots over five crop cycles, in weathered soil (Oxisol). CMB pellets, both enriched and not enriched with potassium phosphate (PK), were produced using cassava starch as the binder, in a ratio of 2:2:1 (biochar: PK fertiliser: binder) and 4:1 (biochar: binder), respectively. The CMB was produced at a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 2 x 2 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme, with five replications. The treatments were non-pelletised and pelletised CMB, with and without liming, and with and without PK, and an additional treatment with no fertiliser. The CMB improved the chemical properties of the soil, correcting acidity, increasing nutrient availability and improving the production of Urochloa brizantha ‘BRS Paiaguás’. The use of CMB enriched with phosphorus and potassium behaved as a slow-release organomineral fertiliser in Urochloa brizantha ‘BRS Paiaguás’.