Economía compartida: Aproximaciones y distancias entre la noción y la práctica de compartir

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2020.44252

Palabras clave:

economía compartida, teoría del don, pseudo-compartir, Airbnb, Servas

Resumen

El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los enfoques y distancias existentes entre el intercambio y lo que practican los usuarios de organizaciones en la economía compartida. Se estudiaron las prácticas en dos organizaciones: Airbnb y Servas. La teoría del don de Mauss se utilizó como lente de análisis. Se realizaron entrevistas con usuarios / miembros de ambas organizaciones y se realizó la análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron que, mientras que en Servas, uno puede observar una gran similitud entre compartir del regalo y las prácticas que se encuentran en él, en Airbnb lo que se observa es una cierta distancia. Se sugiere utilizar términos y expresiones que mejor representen las prácticas de las organizaciones insertadas en la economía compartida.

Biografía del autor/a

Francisco Rodolfo Xavier Ramalho, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)

Mestre em Administração pelo Núclo de Pós-Graduação em Administração (NPGA/UFBA). Doutorando em Administração pelo Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Administração (NPGA/UFBA). 

Ariádne Scalfoni Rigo, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)

Doutora em Administração pela Universidade Federal da Bahia. Professora da Escola de Administração da UFBA e do Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Administração.

Citas

Acquier, A., Daudigeos, T., & Pinkse, J. (2017). Promises and paradoxes of the sharing economy : An organizing framework. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 125, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.07.006

Airbnb. (2018a). Nossa comunidade global e diversa é o que torna o Airbnb possível. Airbnb. https://www.airbnb.com.br/diversity

Airbnb. (2018b). About us. Airbnb. https://press.airbnb.com/about-us

Airbnb. (2018c). Sua segurança é nossa prioridade. Airbnb. https://www.airbnb.com.br/trust

Airbnb. (2018d). Airbnb toolkits. Airbnb. https://www.airbnb-toolkits.com/outline/e5felkdf/activities/pr6pymuv

Airbnb. (2018e). Airbnb toolkits. Airbnb. https://www.airbnb-toolkits.com/outline/e5felkdf/activities/i3m0qnv

Bardhi, F., Eckhardt, G. M. (2012). Access-based consumption: the case of car sharing. J Consum., 39(4), 881-898. https://doi.org/10.1086/666376

Bardin, L. (2011). Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70.

Belk, R. (2007). Why not share rather than own? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 611(126), Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716206298483

Belk, R. (2010). Sharing. The Journal of Consumer Research, 6(5), 715-734. https://doi.org/10.1086/612649

Belk, R. (2017). Sharing versus pseudo-sharing in Wen 2.0. The Antropologist, 18(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891518

Blal, I., Singal, M., & Templin, J. (2018) Airbnb’s effect on hotel sales growth. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.006

Botsman, R. (2013). The sharing economy lacks a shared definition. FastCoexist. http://www.fastcoexist.com/3022028/th

Botsman, R., & Rogers, R. (2010) What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. London: HarperCollins.

Caillé, A. (2002). Antropologia do dom: O terceiro paradigma. Petrópolis: Vozes.

Caillé, A. (1998). Nem holismo nem individualismo metodológicos: Marcel Mauss e o paradigma da dádiva. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 13(38), 5-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69091998000300001

Cantera, J., & Vaquero, P. (2012). Networknomics: um nuevo paradigma de creación de valor em la economia de la creatividad, la conectividade y la colaboración. Seattle: Space Independent Publishing Platform.

Chang, W., & Wang, J. (2018). Mine is yours? Using sentiment analysis to explore the degree of risk in the sharing economy. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 28, 141-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2018.01.014

Chase, R. (2015). Economia compartilhada: como pessoas e plataformas da Peers Inc. estão reinventando o capitalismo. São Paulo: Ed. HSM.

Christensen, C., Raynor, M. E., & Mcdonald, R. (2015). What is disruptive innovation? Harvard Business Review, 15(2), 1-11.

Cornella, A. (2012). La solucion empieza por Co-: hacia la sociedade y la economia de la colaboración. Barcelona: Infonomia.

Davidson, A., Habibi, M. R., & Laroche, M. (2018). Materialism and the sharing economy: a cross-cultural study of American and Indian consumers. Journal of Business Research, 82, 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.07.045

Demsetz, H. (2002). Toward a theory of property rights II: The competition between private and collective ownership. The Journal of Legal Studies, 31, 653-672. https://doi.org/10.1086/342028

Flach, J. L., & Susin, L. C. (2006) O paradigma do dom. Revista de Teologia da PUCRS, 36(151), 179-208.

Gansky, L. (2010). The Mesh: why the future of business is sharing. New York: Penguin.

Gibs, C., Guttentag, D., Gretzel, U., Yao, L., & Morton, J. (2018). Use of dynamic pricing strategies by Airbnb hosts. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(11), 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2016-0540

Godbout, J. T. (1992). O espírito da dádiva. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget.

Gregory, A., & Halff, G. (2016). Understanding public relations in the ‘sharing economy’. Public Relation Review, 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.10.008

Guttentag, D. A., & Smith, S. L. J. (2017). Assessing Airbnb as a disruptive innovation relative to hotels: substitution and comparative performance expectations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 64, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.02.003

Hamari, J., Ukkonen, A., Sjöklint, M., & Ukkonen, A. (2016). The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption. Journal of Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol, 67, 2047-2059. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23552

Hong, S., & Lee, S. (2017). Adaptive governance and descentralization: evidence from regulation of the sharing economy in multi-level governance. Government Information Quarterly, 35(2) p. 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.08.002

Huarng, K. (2017). Entrepreneurship for long-term care in sharing economy. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal 14, 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0460-9

John, N. A. (2013a). Sharing and web 2.0: the emergence of a keyword. New Media and Society, 15(2), 167-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812450684

John, N. A. (2013b). The social logics of sharing. The communication Review, 16(3), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2013.807119

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

Lindblom, A., & Lindblom, T. (2017). De-ownership orientation and collaborative consumption during turbulent economic times. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 41(4), p.431-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12336

Luitweiler, B. (1999). The Seeds Of Servas. San Francisco: Richard Piro.

Martin, C. J., Upham, P., & Klapper, R. (2017). Democratising governance in the sharing economy: an analytical framework and initial empirical insights. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.123

Mauss, M. (1950). Ensaio sobre a dádiva. Lisboa: Edições 70.

Molz, J. G. (2011). Couchsurfing and network hospitality: ‘it’s not just about the forniture’. Hospitality and Society, 1(3), 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1386/hosp.1.3.215_2

Morlighem, A. (2014). Économie collaborative: le nouvel art des co. 1ed. Paris: Décisions durables.

Mulder, H., & Viguurs, T. (2001). Reinventing hospitality networks: research into the impacto f a changing environment on the future of hospitality networks. Tese. Erasmus University Roterdam. Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Muñoz, P., & Cohen, B. (2017). Mapping out the sharing economy: a configurational approach to sharing business modeling. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.035

Olya, H. G. T., Gazi, Z. A., Aksal, F. A., & Altinay, M. (2017). Behavioral intentions of disabled tourists for the use of peer-to-peer accommodations: an application of fsQCA. International Journal of Contemporary, Hospitality Management, 30(1), 456-454. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2016-0471

Park, H., & Armstrong, C. M. J. (2019). Will “no-ownership” work for apparel?: Implications for apparel retailers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.10.012

PWC. (2015). Consumer Intelligence series: The Sharing Economy. Price Water House Coopers.

Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Zeng, J. (2018). Some issues in recent entrepreneurship approaches: joining previous and current theories. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0479-y

Richter, C., Kraus, S., Brem, A., Durst, S., & Giselbrecht, C. (2017). Digital entrepreneurship: innovative business models for the shatring economy. Creativity and Innovation Management, (26), 300-310. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caim.12227

Rifkin, J. (2014). The zero marginal cost society: the internet of things, the collaborative commons, and the eclipse of capitalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Santiago, A. M. S. (2011). Relacionamentos e a promoção da paz mundial: a visão dos participantes de um movimento para a paz. (Tese de Doutorado). Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil.

Schor, J. (2014). Debating the sharing economy. Great Transition Initiative: Toward a transformative vision and praxis.

Servas. (2018). Peace and understanding through travel and hosting. Servas. https://servas.org

Silveira, L. M., Petrini, M., & Santos, A. C. M. Z. (2016). Economia compartilhada e consumo colaborativo: o que estamos pesquisando? Revista de Gestão, 23, 298-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rege.2016.09.005

Spalenza, A. S., Ramalho, F. R. X., & Doin, T. A. F. (2018). Economia do compartilhamento: uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Anais do XXI SemeAd: Seminários em Administração. São Paulo, Brasil, 21.

Wang, C., & Zhang, P. (2012). The evolution of social commerce: The people, management, technology, and information dimensions. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 31(1), 105–127. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.03105

Weber, T. A. (2016). Product pricing in a peer-to-peer economy. Journal of Management Information Systems, 33(2), 573-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2016.1205933

Wittel, A. (2011). Qualities of sharing and their transformation in the digital age. International Review of Information Ethics, 15, 3-8.

Publicado

2020-09-21

Cómo citar

Ramalho, F. R. X., & Rigo, A. S. (2020). Economía compartida: Aproximaciones y distancias entre la noción y la práctica de compartir. Contextus – Revista Contemporánea De Economía Y Gestión, 18, 191–207. https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2020.44252

Número

Sección

Artículos