Thinking about Brazilian Public Administration beyond paradigms: The weberian critical interpretation and the renewal of historical research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36517/contextus.2026.96651Keywords:
public administration, bureaucracy, critical theory, sociology of domination, history of public administrationAbstract
Background: The paradigmatic approach to Public Administration, inspired by Thomas Kuhn, views the evolution of the field as a series of crises and revolutions in management practices that mark historical periods of organizational transformation within the state. This approach was adapted and disseminated in Brazil beginning in the 1990s, drawing from Weberian concepts and Brazilian historical essayism.
Objective: This article aims to discuss the potential for rethinking the Brazilian case beyond the paradigmatic approach. A critical Weberian reading, as offered by Habermas, is understood to contribute to this endeavor at the epistemological, theoretical, and empirical levels. At the epistemological level, it relates to the critique of the paradigmatic approach by the Circle of Epistemic Matrices. At the theoretical level, it relates to critical Weberianism as presented by Ramos, Tragtenberg, and Prestes Motta, as well as the sociology of Jessé Souza. At the empirical level, it is more compatible with contemporary historical research, such as that on the Ancien Régime in the Tropics, which challenges traditional historical essayism. These approaches allow for reflection on the appropriateness of the paradigmatic approach for Brazil at all these levels.
Method: Based on an exploratory review of the scientific literature, this study aims to determine if epistemological, theoretical, and empirical positions have been addressed in Public Administration research in Brazil over the past 30 years.
Results: The analysis demonstrates that the contemporary international debate on Public Administration already recognizes the inadequacy of the traditional paradigmatic approach. In Brazil, sociological debates on patrimonialism, critical Weberianism, and new historical research allow us to question the suitability of the traditional approach for Brazil. However, none of these critiques have yet been properly incorporated into the Brazilian debate.
Conclusions: There are indications that the paradigmatic approach to Brazilian Public Administration needs to be rethought.
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