APLICACIONES DE LA TELEDETECCIÓN POR UAV EN EL SEGUIMIENTO DE PROCESOS MORFODINÁMICOS EN SISTEMAS PLAYA-ACANTILADO

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4215/rm2024.e23025

Palabras clave:

Geomorphometry; DEMs; Drone-based remote sensing; Mass Movement; Elevation and volumetric.

Resumen

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios morfodinámicos en un sistema playa-acantilado en el noreste de Brasil utilizando datos de alta resolución recogidos por técnicas UAV-SfM para comprender los cambios geomórficos en el paisaje costero. El estudio utilizó el método de Detección de Cambios Geomórficos (DGC) aplicado a la monitorización a corto plazo. Este método utiliza modelos digitales de elevación (MDE) para determinar los cambios morfológicos en términos de erosión y deposición mediante MDE de diferencias (MDE). Los modelos de cuadrícula de diferencias se adquieren mediante teledetección basada en drones, que puede proporcionar con precisión y eficacia imágenes de muy alta resolución y datos de modelos digitales de superficie para medir los cambios volumétricos. Los cambios geomórficos se observan en mapas de alta resolución. El análisis multitemporal reveló volúmenes significativos de erosión y deposición en todo el sistema playa-acantilado durante el periodo de estudio. En el primer intervalo (Mayo/2021 - Noviembre/2021), el acantilado registró -8.715 m³ de erosión y 2.816 m³ de deposición, con el sector de playa mostrando erosión en el 86% de su área. En el segundo periodo (Noviembre/2021 - Marzo/2022), se observaron tasas de erosión más severas en el acantilado, alcanzando los -10.853 m³, con un 51% de su superficie erosionada, mientras que la playa mostró un comportamiento opuesto al análisis anterior, con un 73% de la playa con acumulación de arena y un saldo positivo de 5.960 m³. Los resultados de este estudio podrían ser útiles para identificar los diferentes riesgos geomorfológicos, los impactos costeros de la urbanización de los acantilados y el uso de aeronaves pilotadas por control remoto en la vigilancia costera. Además, los resultados indican que la gestión del sistema playa-acantilado debe ser integrada y nunca disociada, como suelen hacer los gestores costeros.

Palabras-clave: Geomorfometría; MDE; Teledetección con Drones; Movimiento de Masas; Elevación Y Volumetría.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Melvin Leisner, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza (CE), Brazil

    PhD student in Geography at the State University of Ceará. He is a research member of the Coastal and Oceanic Systems Research Group, linked to the Laboratory of Coastal and Oceanic Geology and Geomorphology. He has experience in the area of ​​Geography, with an emphasis on Physical Geography and Coastal Geomorphology. He currently develops activities related to precision topography, aerial photogrammetry, remote sensing, cliff dynamics, cliff morphoevolution, as well as coastal hazards and risks. The research focus is on these themes, exploring the complexities of coastal and marine areas.

  • Davis Pereira de Paula, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza (CE), Brazil

    Post-Doctorate in Geography from the Postgraduate Program in Geography at the Federal University of Ceará. He holds a PhD in Marine, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Marine Sciences Branch, specializing in Coastal Management from the University of Algarve, Portugal, in 2012. He has a master's degree from the Postgraduate Program in Geography at UECE, with an area of ​​concentration in Geoenvironmental Analysis and Spatial Planning in Semi-Arid and Coastal Regions, in 2006. He holds a bachelor's degree (2003) and a degree (2004) in Geography from the State University of Ceará - UECE. He is currently an adjunct professor at the State University of Ceará, holding the position of Vice-Coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Geography at UECE. He is an associate professor at the Laboratory of Coastal and Oceanic Geology and Geomorphology and a member of the Coastal and Oceanic Systems Research Group of CNPq. At the same institution, he was also coordinator of the Geography/CCT courses, between 2017 and 2019. He was a professor of the Civil Engineering course at the Vale do Acaraú State University-UVA, between 2013 and 2016. He was a permanent professor of the faculty of the Academic Master's Degree in Geography - MAG at UVA, between 2014-2019. He was also the Brazilian coordinator of the Braspor Network, between 2015 and 2017, an informal network of scientists from Brazil and Portugal who are dedicated to studying coastal environments and their synergies. He works as a researcher in the area of ​​Coastal Geography with an emphasis on Coastal Management and Impacts, working mainly on the following themes: Environmental History, Human-Environment Interaction, Sea Swells, Management of Coastal Environments and Socio-Environmental Impacts on Coastal Communities.

  • Yan Gurgel Vasconcelos, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza (CE), Brazil

    Master in Geography from the Postgraduate Program in Geography - ProPGeo/UECE, where he is currently pursuing a PhD. He is a research member of the Coastal and Oceanic Systems Research Group (SCO) and the Ressacas do Mar Research Group (RESMAR), linked to the Laboratory of Coastal and Oceanic Geology and Geomorphology (LGCO). He has experience in the area of ​​Geosciences, with an emphasis on Physical Geography and Coastal Geomorphology. He is currently developing research related to precision topography, aerial photogrammetry, remote sensing, coastal impacts, high-energy events, and coastal protection and recovery structures.

  • Antonio Rodrigues Ximenes Neto, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza (CE), Brazil

    PhD in Geography from the State University of Ceará. Member of the Laboratories of Geomorphology and Applied Sedimentology (CERES/DGC) and Marine Geosciences (LABOGEO/UFES). Post-doctorate in the Graduate Program in Environmental Oceanography at the Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES. He is currently an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Geography at CERES/UFRN and in the Graduate Program in Geography at GEOCERES/UFRN. He has experience in the area of ​​Geosciences, working mainly on the following topics: Coastal and Oceanic Sedimentology and Geomorphology, Submerged Landscapes.

  • Frederico de Holanda Bastos, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza (CE), Brazil

    Postdoctorate in Physical Geography (Federal University of Ceará/UFC-2016), PhD in Geography (UFC-2012) and Master in Development and Environment (UFC-2005). Completed Specialization in Geoprocessing Applied to Environmental Analysis and Water Resources (State University of Ceará/UECE-2005), Bachelor's Degree in Geography (UECE-2002) and Bachelor's Degree in Geography (UECE-2000). He is currently an Adjunct Professor of Undergraduate Geography Courses at UECE, Permanent Professor of the Graduate Program in Geography (ProPGeo/UECE) and CNPq Productivity Scholarship Holder. He has experience in the area of ​​Geosciences, working mainly in the following areas: Geomorphology, Environmental Geography and Geoprocessing Applied to Environmental Studies.

  • Miguel da Guia Albuquerque, Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande (RS), Brazil

    PhD in Geosciences from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (2013). He is currently a permanent professor - Postgraduate Program in Geography (PPGGeo), and a professor at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, on the Rio Grande Campus. He has experience in the area of ​​Geosciences, with an emphasis on Coastal Geomorphology, working mainly on the following topics: geotechnologies, coastal management, coastal erosion, remote sensing and low-cost technologies.

  • Deivid Cristian Leal Alves, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, , Campo Grande (MS), Brasil

    PhD in Geosciences from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Technical training in Geoprocessing from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) and Pedagogical Training in Geography from the Claretian University Center. He is a member of the research groups Geotechnologies and Environment (IFRS) and Territorial Dynamics and Border Spaces (UEMS). He is a member of the Brazilian Association for Quaternary Studies (ABEQUA) and a scientific collaborator of the Brazil-Portugal network on coastal systems studies (BRASPOR Network). During his undergraduate, technical and postgraduate studies, he received scholarships from various funding agencies, such as FUNAPE/GO, FAPERGS/RS, CAPES and CNPq, carrying out activities related to memory and culture, application of geotechnologies for research on public health, vocational education, management of river basins and coastal impacts. He was an intern in public agencies, working in the municipal environmental department and in the topography laboratory. Between 2015 and 2016, he dedicated himself to teaching Geography at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Rio Grande, as a temporary professor, exercising, in addition to teaching high school and EJA level, the supervision and co-supervision of students of the professional education of the technical course in Geoprocessing. In 2020, he completed a Postdoctoral internship at the Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics (IMEF) at the Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG). Between 2021 and 2022, he was a contracted professor at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), teaching subjects of the Physical Geography core at the Jardim Unit. Currently, he is employed by the same institution, teaching subjects of the Geotechnologies core at the Campo Grande Unit, in addition to working as a tenured professor of Basic Education in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (SED-MS). He has experience in the area of ​​Geosciences, with a focus on the following topics: use of digital elevation models; remote sensing applied to bathymetry of shallow environments; physical-natural aspects of urban occupation; hydrological dynamics of slopes; climate change and flood analysis.

  • Matheus Cordeiro Façanha, University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande (RS), Brazil

     Master's studente  from the Federal University of Rio Grande and am currently studying for a Technician's Degree in Geoprocessing at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Rio Grande Campus. During my undergraduate degree in Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, I carried out monitoring and research activities. I am a member of BRASPOR, a network of Brazilian and Portuguese researchers that focuses their studies mainly on the coastal zone. I am also part of the Geotechnologies and Environment research group at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Rio Grande Campus, in addition to being part of the Geomorphology and Water Resources research group at the Federal University of Rio Grande. I have knowledge in the areas of Solid Waste, Environmental Licensing and Active Methodologies, and my research focuses on topics such as Coastal Zone, Beach Morphodynamics, Environmental Management and Environmental Impacts.

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Publicado

2024-10-16

Número

Vol. 23 (2024)

Sección

Artigos

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