Dinâmica epidemiológica e impacto da COVID-19 na mortalidade de idosos: tendência e carga de doenças

Priscila Salge Mauad Rodrigues; Sérgio Antônio Zullo; Maria Paula Custodio Silva; Joilson Meneguci; Jair Sindra Virtuoso Junior

doi:10.36517/2175-6783.20252695971

Autores

Priscila Salge Mauad Rodrigues Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-360X
Sérgio Antônio Zullo Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-3172
Maria Paula Custodio Silva Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-1589
Joilson Meneguci Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-3589
Jair Sindra Virtuoso Junior Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-1789

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36517/2175-6783.20252695971

Palavras-chave:

Envelhecimento; Mortalidade; Idoso; Doença Crônica; COVID-19.

Resumo

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal e fatores associados à mortalidade de idosos, considerando o contexto do envelhecimento populacional e os impactos da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais com dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, abrangendo idosos com 60 anos ou mais, entre 2014 e 2023. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, causas de óbito e local de ocorrência. As tendências foram avaliadas por meio de análise gráfica das séries anuais e cálculo de taxas padronizadas de mortalidade. Resultados:observou-se aumento da mortalidade em idosos ao longo do período, com predominância de óbitos no sexo masculino e maior frequência entre indivíduos com baixa escolaridade. O impacto da COVID-19 foi marcado, especialmente entre idosos com comorbidades, elevando as taxas de mortalidade hospitalar. Causas externas, como quedas e acidentes de trânsito, mantiveram-se relevantes, principalmente entre homens de 60 a 69 anos. Conclusão: a mortalidade de idosos reflete a interação de múltiplos determinantes sociais da saúde, exacerbados pela pandemia, evidenciando desigualdades estruturais persistentes. Contribuições para a prática: os achados reforçam a necessidade de políticas públicas intersetoriais que ampliem o acesso à atenção primária, promovam o envelhecimento saudável e reduzam desigualdades, orientando estratégias de prevenção e cuidado direcionadas a grupos mais vulneráveis.

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