Breastfeeding experience in lesbian couples

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36517/2175-6783.20262796471

Keywords:

Breast Feeding; Homosexuality, Female; Family Relations; Sexual and Gender Minorities.

Abstract

Objective: to understand breastfeeding experiences in lesbian couples. Methods: qualitative study conducted with six couples who breastfed for at least one month. Data were produced through semi-structured interviews and submitted to content analysis. Results: three categories emerged: Invisibility in care and impacts on breastfeeding; Breastfeeding between mothers: between insecurities and the construction of care; and Barriers to support and the experience of breastfeeding between mothers. Gaps were identified in professional training related to knowledge about parenting in lesbian couples, the clinical management of induced lactation, and the use of inclusive care protocols. Co-breastfeeding was permeated by institutional, emotional, and work-related challenges, requiring physical preparation, use of protocols, and reorganization of routine. Conclusion: breastfeeding experiences in lesbian couples involve the shared construction of parenthood and are marked by challenges related to institutional invisibility, the absence of inclusive protocols, and gaps in health training. Contributions to practice: the study supports the qualification of care, guides the development of inclusive lactation protocols, and strengthens family-centered care.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Fernandes LCR, Sanfelice CFO, Carmona EV. Lactation induction in women who never got pregnant: Experience report. Esc Anna Nery. 2022;26:e20210056. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.34019/1982-1247.2022.v16.30075

2. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Guia alimentar para crianças brasileiras menores de 2 anos – versão resumida [Internet]. 2021 [cited Feb 4, 2026]. Available from: http://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/saude-de-a-a-z/g/guia-alimentar-para-criancas-brasileiras-menores-de-2-anos

3. World Health Organization (WHO). Infant and young child feeding: key facts [Internet]. 2023 [cited Feb 4, 2026]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding

4. Machado MED, Christoffel MM, Velarde LGC, Linares AM, Silveira ALD, Gomes ALM, et al. Prática dos profissionais da saúde em aleitamento materno e fatores associados: estudo transversal. Online Braz J Nurs. 2023;22:e20236646. doi: https://doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20236646

5. Schnell A. Successful co-lactation by a queer couple: a case study. J Hum Lact. 2022;38(4):644-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344221108733

6. Tordoff DM, Lunn MR, Ariel D, Crowe S, Lubensky ME, Flentje A, et al. Breastfeeding and chestfeeding experiences of cisgender sexual minority women, transgender, and gender diverse parents. J Hum Lact. 2025;42(1):82-93. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08903344251391163

7. Marandi SA, Zanjani NE, Ravari M, Mazloom M, Khanlou ZM, Kasaeian A. Induced lactation in non-gestational mothers in Iran: outcomes and predictors of breastfeeding success. Arch Iran Med. 2025;28(3):135-9. doi: http://doi.org/10.34172/aim.33516

8. Gargiulo-Welch S, Parker G, Miller S. The lactation and chestfeeding/breastfeeding information, care and support needs of trans and non-binary parents: an integrative literature review. N Z Coll Midwives J. 2023;59:47-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.12784/nzcomjnl59.2023.6.47-55

9. Jenkins V, Everett B, Steadman M, Mollborn S. Breastfeeding initiation and continuation among sexual minority women. Matern Child Health J. 2021;25(11):1757-65. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03218-z

10. Juntreal NA, Spatz DL. Breastfeeding experiences of same-sex mothers. Birth. 2020;47(1):21-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12470

11. Jenkins V, Everett BG, Steadman M, Mollborn S. Breastfeeding initiation and continuation among sexual minority women. Matern Child Health J. 2021;25(11):1757-65. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03218-z

12. Bolissian AM, Ferreira BEC. Aleitamento humano e a perspectiva da interseccionalidade queer: contribuições para a prática inclusiva. Interface (Botucatu). 2023;27:e22044. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/interface.220440

13. Gil AC. Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. São Paulo: Atlas; 2002.

14. Minayo MCS. O desafio do conhecimento: pesquisa qualitativa em saúde. São Paulo: Hucitec; 2014.

15. Vinuto J. A amostragem em bola de neve na pesquisa qualitativa: um debate em aberto. Temáticas. 2014;22(44):203-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.20396/tematicas.v22i44.10977

16. Bardin L. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70; 2016.

17. Fernández DL. Maternidad lesbiana: otra cara del cambio social. Áreas Rev Int Cienc Soc. 2021;42:65-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.6018/areas.468791

18. Geerts A. Making a family: kinning and conception in lesbian families. J Homosex. 2025;73:327-48. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2025.2469579

19. Soled KRS, Hoatson T, Monseur B, Everett B, Chakraborty P, Reynolds CA, et al. Differences in medically assisted reproduction use by sexual identity and partnership: a prospective cohort of cisgender women. Hum Reprod. 2024;39(6):1323-35. doi: http://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deae077

20. Gomes R, Toma TS, Silva JDL, Domene FM, Silva A. Homoparenting as a public health issue: a scoping review. Rev Saude Publica. 2023;57:80. doi: http://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005447

21. Brandão P, Ceschin N, Gómez VH. The pathway of female couples in a fertility clinic. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2022;44(7):660-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744444

22. Ril SY, Oliveira Junior JB, Cunha e Mello MM, Portes VM, Moretti-Pires RO. “You only have one mother!”: institutional violence in experiences of double motherhood in healthcare. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2024;29:e19802023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024294.19802023EN

23. Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). Resolução CFM nº 2.013, de 15 de maio de 2013- Adota as normas éticas para a utilização das técnicas de reprodução assistida, anexas à presente resolução, como dispositivo deontológico a ser seguido pelos médicos e revoga a Resolução CFM nº 1.957/10 [Internet]. 2013 [cited Feb 4, 2026]. Available from: https://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3ocfm2013.pdf

24. Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). Resolução CFM nº 2.168, de 9 de novembro de 2017- Adota as normas éticas para a utilização das técnicas de reprodução assistida [Internet]. 2017 [cited Feb 4, 2026]. Available from: https://sistemas.cfm.org.br/normas/visualizar/resolucoes/BR/2017/2168

25. Santos MA, Minari AB, Oliveira-Cardoso EA. Lesbian and bisexual couples experiencing dual motherhood: (dis)encounters in the provision of healthcare. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2024; 29:e19732023. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024294.19732023EN

26. Cazorla-Ortiz G, Obregón-Guitérrez N, Rozas-Garcia MR, Goberna-Tricas J. Methods and success factors of induced lactation: a scoping review. J Hum Lact. 2020;36(4):739-49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420950321

27. Szymoniak K, Szczurowska A, Zimny M, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Cwiek D. Non-heteronormative women’s views on motherhood. Pomeranian J Life Sci. 2025;71:69-75. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.1080

28. Goldberg A. LGBTQ-parent families: diversity, intersectionality, and social context. Curr Opin. Psychol. 2022;49:101517. doi: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101517

29. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais [Internet]. 2013 [cited Feb 4, 2026]. Available from: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2011/prt2836_01_12_2011.html

Published

2026-07-09

Data Availability Statement

The authors report that the data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request, provided that a justification is included and ethical aspects and participant confidentiality are respected.

Issue

Section

Research Article

How to Cite

1.
Carmo ZDR do, Paraíso AF, Fernandes LCR, Andrade e Silva E, Carvalho NA de, Dias Emidio SC. Breastfeeding experience in lesbian couples. Rev Rene [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 9 [cited 2026 Aug. 2];27:e96471. Available from: https://periodicos.ufc.br/rene/article/view/96471