Variables of perceived burden as factors associated with burnout among paid caregivers of institutionalized older adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36517/2175-6783.20262797123Keywords:
Burnout, Psychological; Caregiver Burden; Aged; Nursing Home Residents; Caregivers.Abstract
Objective: to investigate perceived caregiver burden variables and their association with the domains of burnout syndrome among paid caregivers of institutionalized older adults. Methods: a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 92 paid caregivers, using the Zarit Burden Interview and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: regression models showed lower Emotional Exhaustion scores among caregivers with greater satisfaction with the caregiving role, no or mild burden, and an additional paid job. Having no children was associated with higher Depersonalization scores, whereas high school education was associated with lower scores. College education and an additional paid job were associated with higher Personal Accomplishment scores, whereas being partnered was associated with lower scores. Conclusion: sociodemographic, occupational, and health-related factors were associated with perceived caregiver burden and burnout dimensions. Contributions to practice: the study provides insights for promoting occupational health and managing the work of caregivers for older adults in institutions, thereby improving quality of life and care.
Downloads
References
1. Helena ETS, Silvério ABG, Luca I, Passero K, Gessele C, Sousa CA, et al. Low functional capacity associated with worse socioeconomic status in elderly people in a population study in the south of Brazil. Cad Saúde Colet. 2024;32(2):e32020441. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X202432020441
2. Gonçalves A. Prospective age and new measures of population aging: indicators for Brazil and its five regions. Rev Bras Estud Popul. 2024;41:e0278. doi: https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0278
3. Zheng Y, Liu Q, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Immune aging – a mechanism in autoimmune disease. Semin Immunol. 2023;69:101814. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2023.101814
4. Resnick B, Vellega A, Levy C. The interdisciplinary care team approach in long-term care: where are we now? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023;24(6):755-62. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2023.04.010
5. Balqis-Ali NZ, Jawahir S, Chan YM, Lim AWY, Azlan UW, Shaffie SSM, et al. The impact of long-term care interventions on healthcare utilisation among older persons: a scoping review of reviews. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):484. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05097-9
6. Dawud M, Kotecho MG, Adamek ME. “It is all about giving priority to older adults’ needs:” challenges of formal caregivers in two old age homes in Ethiopia. Ageing Int. 2022;47:847-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-021-09436-8
7. Umar T, Yin B, He L, Feng W, Yuan Y, Umer S, et al. 6-Gingerol via overexpression of miR-322-5p impede lipopolysaccharide-caused inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2023;396(12):3797-807. doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02543-0
8. Amiri S, Mahmood N, Mustafa H, Javaid SF, Khan MAB. Occupational risk factors for burnout syndrome among healthcare professionals: a global systematic review and meta analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(12):1583. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121583
9. Yan E, Wan D, To L, Ng HKL, Lai DWL, Cheng ST, et al. Staff turnover intention at long-term care facilities: implications of resident aggression, burnout, and fatigue. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2024;25(3):396-402. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2023.10.008
10. Costa PA, Silva MEWB, Nogueira MF, Souza JC. Relationship between caregiver burden of older adults and sleep: a mixed-methods study. Esc Anna Nery. 2025;29:e20250067. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2025-0067en
11. Canon MBF, Novelli MMPC. Identificação dos sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos em idosos moradores de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência. Rev Ter Ocup Univ São Paulo. 2012;23(1):72-80. doi: http://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-6149.v23i1p72-80
12. Sousa SM, Aguiar VF, Freitas WL, Sousa NL, Silva EC, Polaro SH, et al. Sobrecarga e fatores estressantes em cuidadores formais de instituições de longa permanência para pessoas idosas. Enferm Foco. 2024;15:e-202440. doi: https://doi.org/10.21675/2357-707X.2024.v15.e-202440
13. Pereira SS, Fornés-Vives J, Unda-Rojas SG, Pereira-Junior GA, Juruena MF, Cardoso L. Confirmatory factorial analysis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey in health professionals in emergency services. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3386. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3320.3386
14. Liu C, Zheng H, Li B, He S, Hu R, Li F, et al. Factors influencing the employed caregiver burden for patients with dementia residing in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study from China. Int J Nurs Sci. 2024;11(4):457-64. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.08.005
15. González FE, Rosas C, Palma FS, Flores DS, Vargas MSC, Godoy-Pozo J. Resiliencia, estrés y ansiedad de cuidadores formales durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Rev Méd Chile. 2022;150(9):1171-9. doi: http://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872022000901171
16. Lara LEB, Zambrano CNS. Overload levels in caregivers of the elderly with and without cognitive impairment. Com-parative study. Rev Eugenio Espejo. 2022;16(2):67-80. doi: http://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.14.08
17. Minghelli B, Guerreiro AI, Pinho M, Gomes DMR, Antunes RSR, Nunes CRC. Work-related musculoskeletal injuries in formal caregivers of Portuguese rest home of elderly. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2025;71(2):396-402. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20241034
18. Oh E, Moon S, Chung D, Choi R, Hong GRS. The moderating effect of care time on care-related characteristics and caregiver burden: differences between formal and informal caregivers of dependent older adults. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1354263. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354263
19. Nazari S, Norberg A, Strandberg G, Åhlin J, Ericson-Lidman E, Mazaheri M. Perceptions and stress of conscience in relation to burnout among nursing staff in older people care settings: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2023;22(1):379. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01529-w
20. Sousa GS, Silva EC, Freitas WL, Aguiar VF, Polaro SH, Pereira LFA, et al. Gender inequalities among caregivers of dependent older adults. Saúde Soc. 2024;32(4):e220325en. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902023220325en
21. Malakoutian M, Sanchez CA, Brown SHM, Street J, Fels S, Oxland TR. Biomechanical properties of paraspinal muscles influence spinal loading—a musculoskeletal simulation study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:852201. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.852201
22. Furtado IQCG, Velloso ISC, Galdino CS, Carrieri AP. Care for older adults with disabilities in Long Term Care Facility. Rev Bras Enferm. 2023;76(Suppl 2):e20220767. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0767
23. Silva AFO, Barbosa GC, Monteiro DQ, Martins G, Gratão ACM. Perception of stress, Burnout syndrome and coping strategies in caregivers of institutionalized older adults: a correlation study. Cad Bras Ter Ocup. 2024;32:e3864. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO398138641
24. Cavichioli C, Ottaviani AC, Cetroni ALS, Alves ES, Inouye K, Santos-Orlandi AA. Caregiver burden in older adults and frailty in aged care recipients: a cross-sectional study. Esc Anna Nery. 2026;30:e20250140. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2025-0140en
25. Teixeira LA, Silva JF, Oliveira RM, Santos MRA, Costa LMP, Pereira LFA, et al. Caregivers of older adults in palliative care: level of burden and depressive symptoms. Fisioter Mov. 2022;35:e35132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/fm.2022.35132
26. Lin CC, Marques IVP, Silva GC, Silva EQ, Colombari AV, Junior JRAN, et al. Quality of life, stress, coping and burden of caregivers of older people with Alzheimer’s. Fisioter Mov. 2024;37:e37132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/fm.2024.37132
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
The data are available only within this article because the study is part of a doctoral dissertation that has not yet been defended.
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Italo Everton Bezerra Barbosa, Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
