Resiliência como moderadora da relação entre espiritualidade organizacional e burnout
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2023.82314Palavras-chave:
espiritualidade organizacional, Síndrome de Burnout;, resiliência, organizações, call-centerResumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o papel moderador da Resiliência (R) na relação entre Espiritualidade Organizacional (OS) e Síndrome de Burnout (BOS) em operadores de call center. A metodologia quantitativa do tipo de pesquisa incluiu uma amostra de 512 profissionais e os dados foram coletados e analisados a partir da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados mostraram uma relação negativa entre OS e BOS. Também foi demonstrado que a percepção de perseverança e autoconfiança (dimensões da resiliência) moderou significativamente a associação entre os dois construtos, reduzindo seus efeitos. O presente estudo traz contribuições para a ciência aprimorando a ferramenta de medição de Burnout, incluindo a dimensão Otimismo na escala validada, além de reforçar o papel moderador da resiliência.
Referências
Abram, M, D., & Jacobowitz, W. (2020). Resilience and burnout in healthcare students and inpatient psychiatric nurses: A between-groups study of two populations. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.008
Adams, V. H., Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., Kings, E. A., Simpson, D. R., & Pulvers, K. M. (2003). Hope in workplace. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), The handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Alkudsi, Z. S., Kamel, N. H., El-Awaisi, A., Shraim, M., & El Hajj, M. S. (2022). Mental health, burnout and resilience in community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 30(7), 1009-1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2022.04.015
Altinoz, M., Cop, S., Cakiroglu, D., & Altinoz, O. T. (2016). The influence of organization support perceived in enterprises on burnout feeling: A field research. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.053
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1997). A stitch in time: Self-regulation and proactive coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 417. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.417
Benefiel, M. (2003). Mapping the terrain of spirituality in organizations research. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 367-377.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 879-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
Chang, E. C., Rand, K. L., & Strunk, D. R. (2000). Optimism and risk for job burnout among working college students: Stress as a mediator. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00191-9
Cho, S. S., Kim, H., Lee, J., Lim, S., & Jeong, W. C. (2019). Combined exposure of emotional labor and job insecurity on depressive symptoms among female call-center workers: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore), 98, e14894. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014894
Costa, F. D. (2011). Measurement and development of scales: Applications in administration. Rio de Janeiro: Ciência Moderna.
Crosno, J. L., Rinaldo, S. B., Black, H. G., & Kelley, S. W. (2009). Half full or half empty: The role of optimism in boundary-spanning positions. Journal of Service Research, 11(3), 295-309. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670508328985
Davies, S. E., Stoermer S., & Froese, F. J. (2019). When the going gets tough: The influence of expatriate resilience and perceived organizational inclusion climate on work adjustment and turnover intentions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1528558
Deep, N., Carvalho, C. A. F., & Leal, I. P. (2012). Adaptation of The Resilience Scale for the adult population of Portugal. Psicologia USP, 23(2), 417-433. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65642012005000008
Duchek, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial resilience: A biographical analysis of successful entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(2), 429-455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0467-2
Duffy, M., & Sperry, L. (2012). Mobbing: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions. Oxford University Press.
Ellrich, K. (2016). Burnout and violent victimization in police officers: A dual process model. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 39(4), 652-666. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-10-2015-0125
Fan, Y., Cao, M., Zhou, Y., Duan, P., & Xing, L. (2023). Relationship between workplace bullying, spirituality, and job burnout in paediatric nurs
sectional study. Nursing Open, 10(6), 3872-3880. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1645
Flores-Buils, R., Caballer-Miedes, A., & Mateu-Pérez, R. (2022) Resilience in teachers: Validation of the Spanish version of the CD-RISC10© Scale in early childhood, primary and special education teachers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7,) 11020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711020
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn‐out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
García-Rivera, B. R., Mendoza-Martínez, I. A., García-Alcaraz, J. L., Olguín-Tiznado, J. E., Wilson, C. C., Araníbar, M. F., & García-Alcaraz., P. (2022). Influence of resilience on burnout syndrome of faculty professors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020910
Garcia-Zamor, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 63(3), 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00295
Garg, N. (2017). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: An empirical exploration. Journal of Human Values, 23(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685816689741
Ghanizadeh, A., & Jahedizadeh, S. (2017). The Nexus between emotional, metacognitive, and motivational facets of academic achievement among Iranian university students. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 9(4), 598-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-05-2017-0060
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. New York: M. E. Sharp.
Guimaraes, J. C. F. D., Severo, E. A., & Vasconcelos, C. R. M. D. (2017). Sustainable competitive advantage: a survey of companies in Southern Brazil. BBR. Brazilian Business Review, 14(3), 352-367. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2017.14.3.6
Guo, Y., Luo, Y., Lam, L., Cross, W., Plummer, V., & Zhang, J. (2017). Burnout and its association with resilience in nurses: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(1-2), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13952
Gustafsson, H., & Skoog, T. (2012). The mediational role of perceived stress in the relation between optimism and burnout in competitive athletes. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 25(2), 183-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2011.594045
Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Bardin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th edition. Hellaby Hall: Pearson.
Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Bardin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7 ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Hayes, C. T., & Weathington, B. L. (2007). Optimism, stress, life satisfaction, and job burnout in restaurant managers. The Journal of Psychology, 141(6), 565-579. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.141.6.565-580
Heaton, D. P., Schmidt-Wilk, J., & Travis, F. (2004). Constructs, methods, and measures for researching spirituality in organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(1), 62-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410511305
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Honiball, G., Geldenhuys, D., & Mayer, C.H. (2014). Acknowledging others as “whole beings”. Managers’ perceptions of spirituality and health in the South African workplace. International Review of Psychiatry, 26(3), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.881331
Jugdev, K., Mathur, G., & Cook, C. (2018). Linking workplace burnout theories to the project management discipline. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 11(1), 198-221. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-02-2017-0020
Kalita, K. (2015). A comparative study of spirituality and burnout among employees in different sectors. ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Year, 5 (5), 118-128.
Khalid, A., Sarfaraz, A., Ahmed, S., & Malik, F. (2013). Prevalence of stress among call center employees. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 58-62.
Kim, H. S., & Yeom, H.-A. (2018). The association between spiritual well-being and burnout in intensive care unit nurses: A descriptive study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 46, 92-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2017.11.005
Kim, H.-R., & Yang, H.-M. (2022). COVID-19 fear, health behaviors, and subjective health status of call center workers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159005
Kimura, T., Bande, B., & Fernández-Ferrín, P. (2018). Work overload and intimidation: The moderating role of resilience. European Management Journal, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.03.002
Kline, R.B., (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 3 ed. The Guilford Press, New York.
Kossek, E. E., & Perrigino, M. B. (2016). Resilience: A review using a grounded integrated occupational approach. The Academy of Management Annals, 10, 729-797. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2016.1159878
Kumar, S., Rauf, F. H. A., & Rathnasekara, H. (2019). Working to help or helping to work? Work-overload and allocentrism as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviours. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1602549
Lizano, E. L., Godoy, A. J., & Allen, N. (2019). Spirituality and worker well-being: examining the relationship between spirituality, job burnout, and work engagement. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2019.1577787
Low, Y. T. A., Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Tam, H. L. C., Yeung, W. K. J., & Lo, H. M. H. (2017). The relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidal ideation among Chinese university students: Possible moderators. Children and Youth Services Review, 81, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.07.026
Luthans, F. (2002a). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.2002.6640181
Luthans, F. (2002b). The need and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165
Manyena, S. B., & Gordon, S (2015). Bridging the concepts of resilience, fragility and stabilisation. Disaster Prevention and Management, 24(1), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-04-2014-0075
Maslach, C., & Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 7(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(98)80022-X
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. O. (2010). Resilience over the lifespan: Developmental perspectives on resistance, recovery, and transformation. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of Adult Resilience. New York, N.Y.: Guilford Press.
Mathers, N., Fox, N., & Hunn, A. (2009). Survey and questionnaires. The NIHR RDS for East Midlands, Nottingham.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J. & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810310484172
Morgan, J. K., Brown, J., & Bray, R. M. (2018). Resilience as a moderating factor between stress and alcohol-related consequences in the Army National Guard. Addictive Behaviors, 80, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.002
Nimako, B. P. (2021). Resilience and burnout among registered nurses in Ghana during Covid- 19 pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Science, 11(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.nursing.20211101.03
Nirupama, N., Popper, T., & Quirke, A. (2015). Role of social resilience in mitigating disasters. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 6(3), 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-09-2013-0039
Niu, G.-F., Sun, X.-J., Tian, Y., Fan, C.-Y., & Zhou, Z.-K. (2016). Resilience moderates the relationship between ostracism and depression among Chinese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.059
Okpozo, A. Z., Gong, T., Ennis, M. C., & Adenuga, B. (2017). Investigating the impact of ethical leadership on aspects of burnout. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(8), 1128-1143. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2016-0224
Pawar, B. S. (2017). The relationship of individual spirituality and organizational spirituality with meaning and community at work: An empirical examination of the direct effects and moderating effect models. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(7), 986-1003. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2016-0014
Pesce, R. P., Assis, S. G., Avanci, J. Q., Santos, N. C., Malaquias, J. V., & Carvalhaes, R. (2005). Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the resilience scale. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 21, 436-448. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2005000200010
Pouragha, B., Sheikhbardsiri, H., Asgharnezhad, M., Abdolahi, M., Sahebi, A., & Amiri, H. (2022). Does workplace spirituality enhance motivation of hospitals social workers? The scrutiny in Iran. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(5), 1135-1140. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211023081
Putri, Z. F., Dachriyanus, D., Mudjiran, M., Malini, H., Maisa, E. A., & Mahathir, M. (2022). The effect of spirituality on burnout nurses in West Sumatra Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 16(10), 1055-1059. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9067
Ra, K. K., & Ganesh, L. S. (2006). Spirituality in Health Care Organisations. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 32(2), 119-126.
Rego, A., Souto, S., & Cunha, M. P. (2007). Spirituality in organizations, positivity and performance. Comportamento Organizacional e Gestão, 13(1), 7-36.
Sanders III, J. E., Hopkins, W. E., & Geroy, G. D. (2003). From transactional to transcendental: Toward an integrated theory of leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(4), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190300900402
Santiago, A. M., Bil, C. J. B. A., Curam, R., Torrero, K. A., & Tus, J. Call center agents’ job burnout and its’ influence on their job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in the philippines. Int. J. Adv. Res. Innov. Ideas Education, 2651–2664. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810592.v1
Schuster, M. D. S., & Dias, V. D. V. (2018). Oldenburg Burnout Inventory-validation of a new way to measure Burnout in Brazil. Ciencia & Saúde Coletiva, 23, 553-562. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018232.27952015
Severo, E. A., Guimarães, J. C. F., & Dorion, E. C. H. (2018). Cleaner production, social responsibility and eco-innovation: Generations’ perception for a sustainable future. Journal of Cleaner Production, 186, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.129
Shava, H., & Chinyamurindi, W. (2021). The moderating role of career adaptability on the relationship between workplace spirituality and employee mental and physical health. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v19i0.1437
Soha, H. M., Osman, A., Salahuddin, S. N., Abdullah, S., & Ramlee, N. F. (2016). The relationship of work influence, sense of community and individual spirituality towards organizational performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 591-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00072-1
Sousa, J. C., Pinto, F. R., Leite, J. C. L., Araújo, A. P., Silva, P. M. M. & Castro, A. B. C. (2018). Relation between burnout syndrome and resilience in higher teaching activity. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 9(5), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0149
Souza, R. A., Neto, Ramos, A. S. M., & Dias, G. F. (2018). Resistance to electronic surveillance: the response of managers of telemaintenance teams. Cadernos EBAPE. BR, 16(4), 716-731. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395166874
Suroedova, E., & Li, T. (2019). Structural organization of emotional burnout in call-center operators with different communicative tolerance. SHS Web of Conferences, 70, 07005. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197007005
Toker, M. A. S., & Güler, N. (2022) General mental state and quality of working life of call center employees. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 77(8), 628-635. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.1986462
Udani, Z. A. S., & Lorenzo-Molo, C. F. (2017). The utility of virtue: Management spirituality and ethics for a secular business world. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 6(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-016-0067-1
Woźniak, A. (2012). Know thy God: on Simmel’s philosophy, organizational spirituality and its critique. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 9(1), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2012.641096
Zarei, E., Khakzad, N., Reniers, G., & Akbari, R. (2016). On the relationship between safety climate and occupational burnout in healthcare organizations. Safety Science, 89, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.05.011
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os autores, no ato da submissão, aceitam a declaração abaixo:
Nós autores mantemos sobre nosso artigo publicado os direitos autorais e concedemos à revista Contextus o direito de primeira publicação, com uma licença Creative Commons na modalidade Atribuição – Não Comercial 4.0 Internacional, a qual permite o compartilhamento com reconhecimento da autoria e da publicação inicial nesta revista.
Temos ciência de estarmos autorizados a assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), também com reconhecimento tanto da autoria, quanto da publicação inicial neste periódico.
Atestamos que o artigo é original ou inédito, não foi publicado, até esta data, em nenhum periódico brasileiro ou estrangeiro, quer em português, quer em versão em outra língua, nem está encaminhado para publicação simultânea em outras revistas.
Sabemos que o plágio não é tolerado pela revista Contextus e asseguramos que o artigo apresenta as fontes de trechos de obras citadas, incluindo os de qualquer trabalho prévio produzido e publicado pelos próprios autores.