Quality of education in public schools in Brazil: an analysis of the correlation between investment per student and performance in the national assessments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v15i3.961Keywords:
Investment in education. Investment per student. Student outcomes. Quality of education. Basic education.Abstract
In this article, we adopted the economic perspective of education. This approach assumes that the quality of education can be measured by the effectiveness of the use of available resources. The correlation between investment per pupil in primary education, from 2005 to 2015 (from the beginning of the historical series to the last evaluation), and the outcome of the students in the evaluation of the Development Index of Basic Education (Ideb) in each state was analyzed. In the analysis per region (North, Northeast, Center-West, Southeast and South), the educational systems that used the available resources in the best manner were those of Roraima, Pernambuco, Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná states. Only in the states of Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and Goiás, there was a correlation between the improvement of student learning, as measured by Ideb, and the increase in investment per student.
References
ADELSBERGER, H. H.; KINSHUK, P.; PAWLOWSKI, J. M.; SAMPSON, D. (Ed.). Handbook on information technologies for education and training. 2. ed. Hardcover, 2008.
ALVES, M. T. G.; SOARES, J. F. As pesquisas sobre o efeito das escolas: contribuições metodológicas para a Sociologia da Educação. Sociedade e Estado, v. 22, n. 2, p. 435-473, 2007.
ALVES, M. T. G.; SOARES, J. F. Contexto escolar e indicadores educacionais: condições desiguais para a efetivação de uma política de avaliação educacional. Educação e Pesquisa, São Paulo, v. 39, n. 1, p. 177-194, Mar. 2013. Disponível em <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ep/v39n1/v39n1a12.pdf >
ARAÚJO, Raimundo L. S. Desvendando o Perfil dos Gastos Educacionais dos Municípios Brasileiros. Educação e Sociedade, Campinas, v. 33, n. 121, p. 1215-1233, out.-dez. 2012.
BAKER, Bruce D. Does Money Matter in Education? A Washington, DC: Albert Shanker Institute, 2016.
BRASIL, Lei nº 9.394. 1996. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
BRASIL, Constituição Federal. 1998. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
BRASIL, Lei n. 11.494. 2007. Disponível em . Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
BRASIL, Decreto Federal n. 6.253. 2007. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
BRASIL, Portaria MEC nº 844. 2008. Disponível em: <http://www.fnde.gov.br/fnde/legislacao/portarias/item/3564-portaria-mec-n%C2%BA-844-de-08-de-julho-de-2008>. Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
BRASINGTON, David M.; HAURIN, Donald R. Parents, peers, or school inputs: Which components of school outcomes are capitalized into house value? Regional Science and Urban Economics, v. 39, n. 5, p. 523-529, 2009.
BROOKE, Nigel; CUNHA, Maria Amália. A avaliação externa como instrumento da gestão educacional nos estados. Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais, São Paulo, v. 2, p. 17-79, 2011. Disponível em: <http://www.fvc.org.br/estudos-e-pesquisas/livro-2-2011.shtml>. Acesso em 20 dez. 2012.
BROOKE, Nigel e SOARES, José. F. (Orgs.). Pesquisa em eficácia escolar: origem e trajetórias. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2008.
CARD, D.; KRUEGER, A. B. School resources and student outcomes: an overview of the literature and new evidence from North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 10, n. 4, p. 31-50, 1996.
CHILAND, C. L’enfant de 6 ans et son avenir. Paris: PUF, 1971.
COLEMAN, J.S.; CAMPBELL, E.Q.; HOBSON, C.J.; MCPARTLAND, J.; MOOD, A.M.; WEINFELD, F.D. and YORK, R.L. Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington, US Government Printing Office, 1966.
DAVIES, Nicholas. A Fiscalização das Receitas e Despesas do Ensino em Minas Gerais. Cadernos de Pesquisa, São Paulo, v.43, n.149, p.518-54, maio/agosto 2013a.
DAVIES, Nicholas. Educação do Distrito Federal perdeu bilhões com erros do Tribunal de Contas. Linhas Críticas, Brasília, vol. 19, núm. 39, mai-ago, 2013b, pp. 355-372. Disponível em: <http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=193528369006>.
DAVOK, Delsi Fries. Qualidade em educação. Avaliação, Campinas; Sorocaba, São Paulo, v. 12, n. 3, p. 505-513, set. 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aval/v12n3/a07v12n3.pdf >.
DEKE, J. A Study of the impact of public school spending on postsecondary educational attainment using statewide school district refinancing in Kansas. Economics of Education Review, v. 22, n. 3, p. 275-284, Jun. 2003.
DEMO, Pedro. Ciências sociais e qualidade. São Paulo: ALMED, 1985.
DEMO, Pedro. Educação e qualidade. 6. ed. São Paulo: Papirus, 2001.
FERNANDES, Reynaldo; GREMAUD, Amaury Patrick. Qualidade da educação: avaliação, indicadores e metas. Educação básica no Brasil – construindo o país do futuro. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, v. 1, p. 213-238, 2009.
FIGLIO, David. Measuring school performance: Promise and pitfalls. In: STIEFEL, L., Schwartz, A.E., Rubenstein, R., Zabel, J. (Eds.), Measuring School Performance and Efficiency: Implications for Practice and Research. Eye on Education, p. 119–136, 2004.
FIGLIO, D. Functional form and the estimated effects of school resources. Economics of Education Review, v. 18, n. 2, p. 241-252, Apr. 1999.
FIGLIO, David., KENNY, Lawrence. Public sector performance measurement and stakeholder support. J. Public Econ. 93, (9–10), p. 1069–1077, 2009.
FIGLIO, David., KENNY, Lawrence. Individual teacher incentives and student performance. J. Public Econ. 91 (5–6), p. 901–914, 2007.
GUEDES, G. N. de Oliveira; BAQUEIRO, D. F. de Andrade e LORDÊLLO, J. A. Carvalho. Equidade e eficácia escolar: histórico dos estudos. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.equidade.faced.ufba.br/sites/equidade.oe.faced.ufba.br/files/equidade_e_eficacia_escolar_-_historico_dos_estudos.pdf >.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C. Multivariate Data Analysis. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River; Prentice-Hall, 1998.
HANUSHEK, E.A. Education and the nation´s future. In: SHULTZ, George P. Blueprint for America. p. 89-108. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press Publication, 2016.
HANUSHEK, E.A. Economic growth in developing countries: The role of human capital. Economics of Education Review, 37, 204–212, 2013.
HANUSHEK, E.A. Education quality and economic growth. In: BRENDAN, Miniter. The 4 percent solution: Unleashing the economic growth America needs. New York: Crown Business, p. 227-239, 2012.
HANUSHEK, E.A. Some US evidence on how the distribution of educational outcomes can be changed. In: WOESSMANN, Ludger; PETERSON, Paul E. Schools and the equal opportunity problem. Cambridge: The MIT Press, p. 159-190, 2007.
HANUSHEK, E.A. Economic outcomes and school quality. In: INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF EDUCATION; INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATIONAL PLANNING. Education policiy series. v. 4. Belgium/France: Stedi Média, 2005.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C. Making Schools Work: Improving Performance and Controlling Costs. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1994.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C. The impact of differential expenditures on school performance. Educational Researcher, v. 18, n. 4, p. 45-51, 1989.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C. The economics of schooling: production and efficiency in public schools. Journal of Economic Literature, v. 24, p. 1141-1177, 1986.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C., RIVKIN, S.G., TAYLOR, L.L. Aggregation and the estimated effects of school resources. Review of Economics and Statistics, 78 (4), 611-627, 1996.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C.; WÖßMANN, Ludger. Schooling, educational achievement, and the Latin American growth puzzle. Journal of Development Economics, v. 99, p.497-512, 2012.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C.; WÖßMANN, Ludger. Education and Economic Growth. In: PETERSON, P.; BAKER, E.; McGAW, B. (Editors), International Encyclopedia of Education. V.2, pp. 245-252. Oxford: Elsevier, 2010.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. and BLACK, W.C.; WÖßMANN, Ludger. Education Quality and Economic Growth. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. Washington DC, 2007.
HAURIN, Donald. R. e BRASINGTON, David M. The impact of school quality on real house prices: Interjurisdictional effects, Journal of Housing Economics, v.5, n.4, 351-368. 1996.
HEDGES, L.; LAINE, R. D.; GREENWALD, R. Does money matter? A meta-analysis of the effects of differential schools inputs on student outcomes. Educational Researcher, v. 23, n. 3, p. 5-14, Apr. 1994.
HEDGES, L.; LAINE, R. D.; GREENWALD, R. The effect of school resources on student achievement. Review of Educational Research, v. 66, p. 361-396, 1996a.
HEDGES, L.; LAINE, R. D.; GREENWALD, R. Interpreting research on school resources and student achievement: a rejoinder to Hanushek. Review of Educational Research, v. 66, p. 411-416, 1996b.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTUDOS E PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA (INEP). Avaliações da aprendizagem. 2011. Disponível em: <http://portal.mec.gov.br/mais-educacao/190-secretarias-112877938/setec-1749372213/18843-avaliacoes-da-aprendizagem>. Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTUDOS E PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA (INEP). Ideb. 2016. Disponível em: ideb.inep.gov.br. Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
JENCKS, Christopher. Inequality, a reassessment of the effect of family and schooling in America. New York: Basic Books, 1972.
KIM, H. Is there a crowding-out effect between school expenditure and mother´s child care time? Economics of Education Review, v. 20, n. 1, p. 71-80, Feb. 2001.
NASCIMENTO, P. A. M. School Resources and Student Achievement: Worldwide Findings and Methodological Issues. Educate – Especial Issue, p. 19-30, mar., 2008.
NASCIMENTO, P. A. M. Recursos destinados à educação e desempenho escolar: uma revisão na literatura internacional. Estudos em Avaliação Educacional, v. 18, n. 36, jan./abr. 2007.
PAWLOWSKI, J. M. The quality adaptation model: adaptation and adoption of the Quality Standard ISO/IEC 19796-1 for Learning, Education, and Training. Summary, 2007.
PLOWDEN Report. Central Advisory Council for Education. Children and their primary schools. London: HMSO, 1967.
RIBEIRO, V.; GUSMÃO, J. B. B. de. Uma leitura dos usos dos indicadores da qualidade na educação. Cadernos de Pesquisa, v. 40, n. 141, p. 823-847, 2010.
SANDER, B. Administração da educação no Brasil: é hora da relevância. Educação Brasileira, Brasília, v. 4, n. 9, p. 8-27, 2º sem. 1982. Disponível em: <http://bennosander.com/publicacao_detalhe.php?cod_texto=21 >.
SANDER, B. Gestão da educação na América Latina: construção e reconstrução do conhecimento. Campinas, SP: Autores Associados, 1995.
SAVIANI, D. A nova lei da educação: trajetória, limites e perspectivas. 7. ed. Campinas: Autores Associados, 2001.
SCRIVEN, M. Evaluation thesaurus. 4. ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1991.
Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Educação (SIOPE). Relatórios estaduais. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.fnde.gov.br/fnde-sistemas/sistema-siope-apresentacao/siope-relatorios-estaduais>. Acesso em: 02 out. 2016.
TAVARES JÚNIOR, F.; NEUBERT, L. F. A qualidade da educação e a disseminação de sistemas de avaliação. Estudos em Avaliação Educacional, São Paulo, v. 25, n. 59, p. 22-48, set./dez. 2014.
VIEBRANTZ, R.; MOROSINI, M. C. Qualidade e educação superior: a norma de qualidade para a aprendizagem, educação e formação – ISO/IEC 19796-1. Educação, Porto Alegre, v. 32, n. 3, p. 277-285, set./dez. 2009. Disponível em: <http://flacso.redelivre.org.br/files/2012/07/527.pdf>.
WÖßMANN, Ludger. Schooling resources, educational institutions, and student performance: the international evidence. Kiel Institute of World Economics, 2000.
WÖßMANN, Ludger. Why Students in Some Countries Do Better. Education Matters, n. 1, v. 2, p. 67-74, 2001.
WÖßMANN, Ludger. Schooling Resources, Educational Institutions, and Student Performance: The International Evidence. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, v. 65, n. 2, p. 117-70, 2003.
WERLE, F. O. C.; KOETZ, C. M.; MARTINS, T. F. K. Escola pública e a utilização de indicadores educacionais. Educação, v. 38, n. 1, p. 99-112, jan.-abr. 2015.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors, while doing the submission, accept the notice below:
We authors hold the copyright related to our paper and transfer Contextus journal the right for the first publication with a Creative Commons’ international license of the modality Attribution – Non-commercial 4.0, which in turn allows the paper to be shared providing that both the authorship and the journal’s right for initial release are acknowledged.
Furthermore, we are aware of our permission to take part in additional contracts independently for non-exclusive distribution of the version of our work published in this journal (e.g. publishing it in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), while acknowledging both the authorship and the journal’s initial publication.
We also certify that the paper is original and up to this date has not been released in any other journal, Brazilian or of another nationality, either in Portuguese or another language, as well as it has not been sent for simultaneous publication in other journals.
Last, we not only know that plagiarism is not tolerated by Contextus but also certify the paper presents the sources of passages from cited works, including those authored by ourselves.