USE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS IN DIFFERENTIATION OF CONSUMERS IN DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LOYALTY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v13i1.401Keywords:
Personality. Loyalty. Bank Retail. Consumption. Consumer behavior.Abstract
This study seeks to understand what are the personality traits that can distinguish loyal individuals of non-loyal individuals, identifying patterns of personality traits. The research draws on the Theory of Personality Traits to distinguish and categorize individuals into groups according to levels of expressed loyalty. The study focused on the banking current account, with the management undergraduate student population. Through a cluster analysis, were identified three groups according to levels of loyalty. In the discriminant analysis, was possible to prove the distinction caused by personality variables. Personality characteristics among different individuals with different levels of loyalty were identified, which can assist in processes of segmentation, setting marketing strategies and in directing communication efforts.
References
AGUSTIN, C.; SINGH, J. Curvilinear Effects of Consumer Loyalty Determinants in Relational Exchanges. Journal of Marketing Research, v. 42, n. 2, p. 96-108, 2005.
AHUVIA, A. C. Beyond the Extended Self: Loved Objects and Consumers’ Identity Narratives. Journal of Consumer Research, v. 32, n. 1, p. 171-184, 2005.
AUH, S.; BELL, S. J.; MCLEOD, C. S.; SHIH, E. Co-Production and Customer Loyalty in Financial Services. Journal of Retailing, v. 83, n. 3, p. 359-370, 2007.
AVELAR, C. F. P.; VEIGA, R. T. Como entender a vaidade feminina utilizando a autoestima e a personalidade. RAE-Revista de Administração de Empresas, v. 53, n. 4, p. 338-349, 2013.
AMINE, A. Consumers’ True Brand Loyalty: The Central Role of Commitment. Journal of Strategic Marketing, v. 6, n. 4, p. 305-319, 1998.
BASSO, K.; ESPARTEL, L. B. Traços de personalidade do empregado de fronteira, valor percebido e confiança do cliente. Revista de Administração FACES Journal, v. 10, n. 4, p. 170-188, 2011.
BASSO, K.; ESPARTEL, L. B.; SAMPAIO, C. H.; PERIN, M. G.; ANTONI, V. L. Personalidade e lealdade: proposições de pesquisa com o modelo metateórico de motivação e personalidade. Revista Economia & Gestão, v. 9, n. 19, p. 102-124, 2009.
BASSO, K.; RECK, D.; RECH, E. Personalidade e boca a boca: Propensão ao envio e recebimento de informações. RAE-Revista de Administração de Empresas, v. 53, n. 6, p. 580-591, 2013.
BAUMGARTNER. H. J. Toward a Personology of the Customer. Journal of Consumer Research, v. 29, n. 2, p. 286-292, 2002.
BODEY, K.; GRACE, D. Segmenting Service in “Complainers” and “Non-complainers” on the Basis of Consumer Characteristics. Journal of Services Marketing, v. 20, n. 3, p. 178-187, 2006.
BOVE, L.; MITZIFIRIS, B. Personality Traits and the Process of Store Loyalty in a Transactional Prone Context. Journal of Services Marketing, v. 21, n. 7, p. 507-519, 2007.
BUSS, A. Personality as Traits. American Psychologist, v. 44, n. 11, p. 1378-1388, 1989.
BUSS, D. M. Evolutionary Personality Psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, v. 42, p. 459-491, 1991.
CARVER, C. S.; SCHEIER, M. F. Origins and Functions of Positive and Negative Affect: A Control-Process View. Psychological Review, v. 97, n. 1, p. 19-35, 1990.
DICK, A. S.; BASU, K. Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, v. 22, n. 2, p. 99-113, 1994.
ENDLER, N. S.; ROSENSTEIN, A. J. Evolution of the Personality Construct in Marketing and its Aplicability to Contemporary Personality Research. Journal of Consumer Psychology, v. 6, n. 1, p. 55-66, 1997.
FORNELL, C.; LARCKER, D. F. Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, v. 18, n. 3, p. 382-388, 1981.
GARBARINO, E.; JOHNSON, M. S. The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships. Journal of Marketing, v. 63, n. 2, p. 70-87, 1999.
GARVER, M. S.; MENTZER, J. T. Logistics Research Methods: Employing Structural Equation Modeling to Test for Construct Validity. Journal of Business Logistics, v. 20, n. 1, p. 33-57, 1999.
HAIR, J. F. Jr.; ANDERSON, R. E.; TATHAM, R. L.; BLACK, W. C. Análise Multivariada de Dados. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2005.
HARRIS, E. G.; MOWEN, J. C. The Influence of Cardinal-, Central-, and Surface-Level Personality Traits on Consumers’ Bargaining and Complaint Intentions. Psychology & Marketing, v. 18, n. 11, p. 1155-1185, 2001.
HURLEY, R. F. Customer Service Behavior in Retail Settings: A Study of the Effect of Service Provider Personality. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, v. 26, n. 2, p. 115-127, 1998.
JACOBY, J.; KYNER, D. B. Brand Loyalty vs. Repeat Purchasing Behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, v. 10, n. 1, p. 1-9, 1973.
KIM, Y. G.; SUH, B. W.; EVES, A. The relationships between food-related personality traits, satisfaction, and loyalty among visitors attending food events and festivals. International Journal of Hospitality Management, v. 29, n. 2, p. 216-226, 2010.
LICATA, J. W.; MOWEN, J. C.; HARRIS, E. G.; BROWN, T. J. On the Trait Antecedents and Outcomes of Service Worker Job Resourcefulness: A Hierarchical Model Approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, v. 31, n. 3, p. 256-271, 2003.
LIN, L. Y. The relationship of consumer personality trait, brand personality and brand loyalty: An empirical study of toys and video games buyers. Journal of Product & Brand Management, v. 19, n. 1, p. 4-17, 2010.
MALHOTRA, N. K. Pesquisa de Marketing: Uma Orientação Aplicada. 4. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2006.
McCRAE, R. R.; COSTA, P. T. Jr. Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Instruments and Observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 52, n. 1, p. 81-91, 1987.
McCRAE, R. R; COSTA, P. T. Jr. Personality Trait Structure as a Human Universal. American Psychologist, v. 52, n. 5, p. 509-516, 1997.
MELNYK, V.; VAN OSSELAER, S. M. J.; BIJMOLT, T. H. A. Are women more loyal customers than men? Gender differences in loyalty to firms and individual service providers. Journal of Marketing, v. 73, n. 4, p. 82-96, 2009.
MONTEIRO, P. R. R.; VEIGA, R. T. Personalidade e segmentação do mercado de moda: contrastes e perfil de jovens inovadores segundo o gênero. Revista Pretexto, v. 10, n. 1, p. 69-87, 2009.
MONTEIRO, P. R. R.; VEIGA, R. T.; GONÇALVES, C. A. Previsão de Comportamento de Consumo Usando a Personalidade. RAE-eletrônica - Revista de Administração de Empresas, v. 8, n. 2, 2009.
MONTEIRO, P. R. R.; VEIGA, R. T.; GOSLING, M.; GONÇALVES, M. A. Personalidade e consumo ecologicamente consciente. Revista de Administração FACES Journal, v. 7, n. 2, p. 30-49, 2008.
MOORADIAN, T. A.; OLVER, J. M. "I Can't Get No Satisfaction": The Impact of Personality and Emotion on Post Purchase Processes. Psychology & Marketing, v. 14, n. 4, p. 379-393, 1997.
MORRISON, D. G. On the interpretation of discriminant analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, v. 6, n. 2, p.156-163, 1969.
MOWEN J. C.; CARLSON, B. Exploring the Antecedents and Consumer Behavior Consequences of the Trait of Superstition. Psychology & Marketing, v. 20, n. 12, p. 1045-1065, 2003.
MOWEN, J. C.; HARRIS, E. G. Predicting Consumer Complaining and Bargaining: A Hierarchical Approach Using the 3M Model of Motivation and Personality. American Marketing Association. Conference Proceedings, v. 9, p. 93-94, 1998.
MOWEN, J. C.; HARRIS, E. G.; BONE, S. A. Personality Traits and Fear Response to Print Advertisements: Theory and an Empirical Study. Psychology & Marketing, v. 21, n. 11, p. 927-943, 2004.
MOWEN, J. C.; PARK, S.; ZABLAH, A. Toward a Theory of Motivation and Personality with Application to Word-of-Mouth Communications. Journal of Business Research, v. 60, n. 6, p. 590-596, 2007.
MOWEN, J. C. The 3M Model of Motivation and Personality: Theory and Empirical Applications to Consumer Behavior. Boston: Kluer Academic Publishers, 2000.
MOWEN, J. C.; SPEARS, N. Understanding Compulsive Buying Among College Students: A Hierarchical Approach. Journal of Consumer Psychology, v. 8, n. 4, p. 407-430, 1999.
OLIVER, R. L. Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, v. 63, Special Issue, p. 33-44, 1999.
PAUNONEN, S. V. Hierarchical Organization of Personality and Prediction of Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 74, n. 2, p. 538-556, 1998.
PERVIN, L. A.; JOHN, O. P. Personalidade: Teoria e Pesquisa. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2004.
ROCCAS, S.; SAGIV, L.; SCHWARTZ, S. H.; KNAFO, A. The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, v. 28, n. 6, p. 789-801, 2002.
SIRDESHMUKH, D.; SINGH, J.; SABOL, B. Consumer Trust, Value, and Loyalty in Relational Exchanges. Journal of Marketing, v. 66, n. 1, p. 15-37, 2002.
SIRGY, M. J. Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review. Journal of Consumer Research, v. 9, n. 3, p. 287-300, 1982.
STREHLAU, S.; SANTO, A. C. E.; WELTER, L. Salto Alto: um estudo sobre personalidade e consciência de moda. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, v. 12, n. 2, p. 203-225, 2013.
VIEIRA, V. A.; DAMACENA, C. Loyalty in the Supermarket. Brazilian Administration Review, v. 4, n. 3, p. 47-62, 2007.
WOODRUFF, R. B. Customer Value: The Next Source for Competitive Advantage. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, v. 25, n. 2, p. 139-153, 1997.
YANG, Z.; PETERSON, R. T. Customer Perceived Value, Satisfaction, and Loyalty: The Role of Switching Costs. Psychology & Marketing, v. 21, n. 10, p. 799–822, 2004.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors, while doing the submission, accept the notice below:
We authors hold the copyright related to our paper and transfer Contextus journal the right for the first publication with a Creative Commons’ international license of the modality Attribution – Non-commercial 4.0, which in turn allows the paper to be shared providing that both the authorship and the journal’s right for initial release are acknowledged.
Furthermore, we are aware of our permission to take part in additional contracts independently for non-exclusive distribution of the version of our work published in this journal (e.g. publishing it in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), while acknowledging both the authorship and the journal’s initial publication.
We also certify that the paper is original and up to this date has not been released in any other journal, Brazilian or of another nationality, either in Portuguese or another language, as well as it has not been sent for simultaneous publication in other journals.
Last, we not only know that plagiarism is not tolerated by Contextus but also certify the paper presents the sources of passages from cited works, including those authored by ourselves.