Leadership in an international perspective: a comparative study between brazilian and spanish leaders based upon the project GLOBE
Keywords:
organisations, leadership, culture.Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to analyse organizational leaders’ styles in Spain and Brazil. The proposed comparative study among Spanish and Brazilian organizational leaders follows the GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness) project according to its methods and goals. For the present research 40 Spanish and 40 Brazilian enterprises were approached in a transversal and correlation study with the participation of 83 Spanish and 88 Brazilian organizational leaders. Both directors (20%) and managers (80%) took part in the study. Comparatively, the main results point to differences among Brazilian and Spanish leaders in what concerns the following leadership dimensions: authoritarianism, relationship and anticipation for changing. On the other hand, it was found a negative relationship between authoritarianism and social ability;; a positive relationship between authoritarianism and relation, as well as a positive relation between relationships and social ability. At last it was discussed the limitations and practical implications of the found results for leadership in organizations of both approached countries, comparatively.
Downloads
References
Albert, R.D. (1996). A framework and mo- del for understanding Latin American and Latin Hispanic cultural patterns. In D. Landes & R. Bhagat (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd. Ed., pp. 327 – 348). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and perfor- mance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press. BTN – Brazil Trade Net. (2006). www.braziltradenet.com.br .Con- sultado en 25 de junio de 2006.
Correia Jesuíno, J. (2002). Latin Europe Cluster: from South to North. Journal of World Business, 37, 81-89.
Dela Coleta, M y Dela Coleta, J. (2002). Ca- racterísticas da liderança no Brasil: al- gumas considerações do Projeto GLOBE. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia & Centro Universitário do Triângulo. (Arti- go in prensa).
Donaldson, L. (1993). Anti-management theories of organization: A critique of paradigm proliferation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Dorfman, P.W. (2004). International and cross-cultural leadership research. In B. J.
Punnett & O. Shenkar (Eds.), Handbook for international management Research (2nd ed., pp. 267-349). Ann Arbor: Uni- versity of Michigan Press.
Gil, R. Mazo, F.R., Martí, M. Alcover, C.M., y Notário, A. B. (2003). Análises Trans- cultural el liderazgo Organizacional. El proyecto GLOBE. Universidad Complu- tense de Madrid, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ESAD. Universidad Ramon Llull. Equipo GLOBE España. (Articulo in prensa).
Gregersen, A., Black, S., Morrison, A. (1999). Liderazgo en el siglo XXI. HSM Management, 14, 80-99. Hickson, D., Hinings, C., McMillan, J., y Schwitter, J. (1974). The culture-free context of orga- nizational structure: A tri-national com- parison. Sociology 8, 59 - 80.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequen- ces: International Differences in Work- -Related Values, Beverly Hills CA: Sage publications.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Culturas y organiza- ciones – comprender a nossa progra- mação mental. Ed. Sílaba. Lisboa (PO).
House, R.J., Hanges, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W., Gupta, V. (2004). Cultu- re, Leadership, and Organizations. The GLOBE study of 62 Societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
House, R.J. & Javidan, M., (2002). Lea- dership and cultures around the world: indings from GLOBE. An introduction to the special issue. Journal of world Business, 1-2.
House, R.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. (2001). Project GLOBE: An Introduction. Applied Psychology, 50 (4), 489-505.
House, R.J., Wright, N.S., & Aditya, R.N. (1997). Cross-cultural research on Orga- nizational leadership: A critical analysis and a proposed theory. In P.C.
Earley & M. Erez (Eds.), New perspectives in International industrial organizational psychology (pp. 535 – 625). San Francis- co: New Lexington.
Javidan, M., y Hauser, M. (2005). The linkage between GLOBE indings and other crosscultural information. In R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P.W. Dorfman y V. Gupta (Eds.), Culture, Le- adership, and Organizations: the GLO- BE study of 62 societies. (pp. 102 – 121). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
IBGE – Intituto Brasileño de Geograia y Es- tadística. (2006). www.ibge.com.br con- sultado en 15 de junio de 2006.
ICEX – Instituto Español del Comércio Ex- terior. (2006). www.icex.es consultado en 25 de junio de 2006.
Kopelman, R.E., Brief, A.P., & Guzzo, R.A. (1990). The role of climate and culture in productivity. In B. Schneider (Ed.), Orga- nizational climate and culture (pp. 282 – 318). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lammers, C.I., & Hickson, D.J. (Eds.). (1979). Organizations alike and unli- ke: International and inter-institucional studies in the sociology of organizations. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Lombardo, M. M. (1983). I felt it as son as I walked in. Issues and Observations. 3 (4), 7 – 8.
Lord, R., & Maher, K.J. (1991). Leader- ship and information processing: Linking perceptions and performance. Boston: Unwin-Everyman.
Marti, M. (2005) Motivos de los líderes y comportamiento percibidos por los su- bordinados. Facultad de Blanquerna (Universidad Ramón Llull. TESIS DOC- TORAL (Dirigido por Francisco Gil.
Marti Ripoll, M.;; Gil Rodriguez, F.;; Bara- sa, Á & Antino, M. (2010). Leadership in entrepreneurial organizations: Contexts and motives. Psicothema, 224, 880-886.
Miller, D., & Droge, C. (1986). Psychological and traditional determinants of structu- re. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31 (4), 539–560.
Osland, J.S., De Franco S., & Osland, A. (1999). Organizational implications of Latin American culture: Lessons for the extriate manager. Journal of Manage- ment Inquiry, 8 (2), 219 – 234.
Peters, T. y Altman, R. (1982). In search of excellence. McKinsey: Harvard Business School.
Ronen, S. & Shenkar, O. (1985). Clustering countries on attitudinal dimensions: A review and synthesis. Academy of mana- gement Review, 10 (3), 435 – 454.
Schein, E.H. (1992). Organizational culture and leadership: A dynamic view (2nd ed.) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Schneider, B. (1987). The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40, 437- 454.
Schneider, B., Goldstein, H.W., & Smi- th, D.B.(1995). The ASA framework: An update. Personnel Psychology, 48, 747- 783.
Terrence, D. y Kennedy, A. (1982). Cultura Organizacional, p. 40. New York: Harper y Ron.
Thompson, K.R. & Luthans, F. (1990). Or- ganizational culture: A behavioral pers- pective.
In B. Scheneider (Ed.), Organizational cli- mate and culture (pp. 319-344). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Trice, H. M., & Beyer, J.M. (1984). The cul- tures of work organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Walker, J.W. (1992). Human resource stra- tegy. New York: McGraw Hill.
Welch, J. (2001). Jack em deinitivo: os se- gredos do executivo do século. Ed. Cam- pus.Rio de Janeiro (BR).
