Infecção de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes adultos após procedimento cardíaco: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20222380876Palabras clave:
Cirurgia Torácica; Ferida Cirúrgica; Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Infecção Hospitalar.Resumen
Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para infecção do sítio cirúrgico em pacientes após procedimento cardíaco. Métodos: revisão integrativa de literatura por meio de busca na Medical Literature Analyses and Retrieval System online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Base de Dados de Enfermagem. A busca dos artigos ocorreu durante o mês de fevereiro de 2022. Resultados: 24 artigos foram elegíveis para a revisão. Em todos os estudos a população era majoritariamente composta pelo sexo masculino com idades entre 51 e 70 anos, os quais foram submetidos à Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio de forma eletiva. As principais comorbidades apresentadas foram diabetes mellitus, hipertensão e obesidade. As taxas de infecção variaram entre 2,4% e 38,9%, sendo identificado como o principal patógeno, o Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusão: as principais comorbidades presentes nos pacientes que manifestaram infecção do sítio cirúrgico foram diabetes, hipertensão, obesidade e tabagismo. Os fatores de risco foram sexo, idade e internação pré-operatória prolongada. Antibioticoprofilaxia, tricotomia, descolonização nasal e antissepsia adequada da pele foram as medidas profiláticas mais adotadas. Contribuições para a prática: conhecer o perfil dos pacientes que desenvolveram infecção poderá favorecer o planejamento de ações para controle de riscos.
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