CONTEXTO INSTITUCIONAL DE LA ENERGÍA EÓLICA Y SUS IMPACTOS EN COMUNIDADES TRADICIONALES EN LA ZONA COSTERA DEL NORESTE DE BRASIL, ENTRE 2000-2020

un estudio de caso en el Departamento de Ceará, Noreste de Brasil, entre 2000-2020.

Résumé

Since the arrival of the wind industry in Brazil, the state of Ceará, in the northeast region, has received wind farms. They are located mainly on the coast, an area with the presence of traditional communities, which has generated environmental impacts a in these territories. Therefore, we sought to analyze how the government, through the mechanisms and practices adopted, has contributed to the expansion of this industry in Ceará, despite the increased environmental impacts on the affected communities. A qualitative analysis was used, by means of secondary data such as legislation and bibliographic sources, with analysis centered on discourse, practices, and the correlation between data. It was identified that the legislative acquis developed at regional level is effective in potentiating the presence of wind farms in Ceará, however, at local level, the municipalities do not have regulatory instruments for this activity in their territories. Moreover, no instruments were identified to protect the affected communities, nor to encourage social participation in the planning process and installation of wind farms. Understanding the weaknesses and strengths of governmentality will contribute to building laws and practices that serve both the wind industry and communities.