BETWEEN BUCCAL PUMPING AND BITING - EVIDENCE OF INTRAUTERINE MOUTH MOVEMENTS AND REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER STINGRAYS (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygoninae)

Entre bombeamento bucal e mordida - Evidências de movimentos bucais intrauterinos e aspectos reprodutivos de raias de água doce neotropicais (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygoninae)

Abstract

Preliminary findings regarding the reproduction of three neotropical freshwater stingray species, Potamotrygon henlei, P. motoro, and P. orbignyi, are presented herein. These species are characterized by the presence of a singular functional left ovary and two operational uteri. Two distinct fertility models have been identified: fecundity dependent, and fecundity independent of maternal size. Furthermore, this study briefly outlines the process of capture-induced parturition and its implications for the fate of the litter. Additionally, it sheds light on novel embryonic behavioral patterns, particularly highlighting the active swimming exhibited by embryos within the uterine environment, notably during the latter stages of development. Consequently, it is suggested that these movements, coupled with oral activities and active biting, facilitate branchial ventilation and potentially intrauterine foraging - a phenomenon previously documented only in sharks belonging to the order Lamniformes.

Keywords: Abortion, Histotroph, Capture stress, Embryonic nutrition.