Madurez de la Industria 4.0 en pequeñas empresas de calzado: Un análisis comparativo de la comprensión y la aplicación práctica de los conceptos .
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36517/contextus.2026.96601Palabras clave:
Industria 4.0; transformación digital; transformación organizacional; madurez digital; sector del calzadoResumen
Contextualización: La Industria 4.0 representa la convergencia de tecnologías digitales y físicas que exige la integración de sistemas y la transformación organizacional. Aunque se ha debatido ampliamente, la literatura carece de investigaciones que aborden sectores tradicionales, como la industria del calzado y las pequeñas empresas, donde la adopción de la I4.0 enfrenta desafíos específicos relacionados con la infraestructura y los recursos internos.
Objetivo: Investigar el nivel de comprensión conceptual y la aplicación práctica de los principios y componentes fundamentales de la Industria 4.0 en pequeñas empresas de calzado de la región del Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Rio Grande do Sul), identificando variaciones en la madurez digital entre las organizaciones.
Método: Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo de carácter descriptivo y un estudio de casos múltiples. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante triangulación de información, incluyendo ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación sistemática no participante y análisis documental.
Resultados: Los datos mostraron diferentes niveles de madurez digital. En la categoría de Comprensión de la Industria 4.0, las empresas variaron desde una comprensión incipiente hasta consolidada. En Aplicación Práctica, las empresas en etapa inicial se centran en la automatización, pero sin recursos suficientes; solo una demostró una aplicación avanzada, con sistemas integrados y decisiones en tiempo real.
Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que la adopción de la Industria 4.0 en pequeñas empresas está en un nivel de madurez digital, marcado por la disociación entre comprensión y aplicación, condicionada por las capacidades organizacionales. La transformación digital depende más de la capacidad interna para traducirla en prácticas como la integración de sistemas, la gestión de datos y una cultura organizacional que sostenga el cambio (recursos intangibles).
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