La integración del análisis de sentimientos en la investigación sociolingüística: dimensiones afectivas del discurso espontáneo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36517/ep16.97204Palavras-chave:
análisis de sentimientos, variación social, discurso espontáneo, Corpus Oral de MadridResumo
Este estudio explora la integración del análisis de sentimientos (AS) en la investigación sociolingüística, con el objetivo de examinar cómo las dimensiones afectivas se manifiestan en el habla coloquial. A partir de una revisión teórica de los enfoques cognitivos y funcionales del significado, se plantea la posibilidad de cuantificar aspectos relacionales y evaluativos del lenguaje mediante herramientas de AS, en particular el software Lingmotif. Se aplicó esta herramienta a dos corpus orales del español de Madrid (CORMA y COLAm), permitiendo analizar el tono emocional de las interacciones en función de variables sociolingüísticas como género, edad y contexto comunicativo. Los resultados muestran que las conversaciones en contextos institucionales (como la atención al cliente) presentan perfiles afectivos más positivos e intensos, mientras que el habla juvenil se caracteriza por un uso más frecuente de expresiones irónicas, lenguaje tabú y estrategias de banter. Además, se observa una evolución microdiacrónica: las diferencias de género en la expresión emocional tienden a atenuarse con el tiempo. El estudio concluye que el AS, pese a sus limitaciones, constituye una herramienta valiosa para detectar patrones afectivos en el habla espontánea y para ampliar las metodologías de análisis del significado social en la sociolingüística contemporánea.
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