Speeches and modalizations in competences of the evaluation matrix in essays that reached the maximmum grade of the National Secondary School Exam - ENEM

Abstract

The postulates of Sociodiscursivo Interacionismo define that the text, empirical materiality of the verbal interactions inherent to the social environment, is organized by three parts: the general infrastructure of the text, the mechanisms of textualization and the enunciative mechanisms. Considering the enunciative mechanisms which demonstrate the contribution of the pragmatic coherence of the text, through theenlightening of enunciative positions and various evaluations on some aspects of the thematic content of the text, this article aims to: i) to identify in the competencies of the rule matrix of the Enem - A Brazilian exam for the superior education access - directives which point to the need to use enunciative mechanisms; ii) to emphasize the relevance of enunciative mechanisms for the elaboration of an argumentative essay that meets the criteria of correction established by the Enem exam, through verification of speeches and modalizations in some essays that obtained a maximum mark in the Exam and, iii) to describe the importance of the use of enunciative mechanisms for  construction of consistent and convincing argumentative texts. Based on the work of authors such as Bronckart (1999, 2006), Habermas (1989)etc, this work had, as methodological procedures, the competency analysis of the evaluation matrix from the Enem’s directives and of essays that obtained maximum scores in the Enem 2017 edition, trying to evidence the association with the mechanisms. Results showed that the management of enunciative voices functions work as argumentative strategies and the predominance of the pragmatic modifications in the intervention proposals present in the essays is associated with the propositional character inherent to that section, demanded by the Enem.