Beliefs of women with and without anxious symptoms about the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36517/revpsiufc.15.2024.e024008

Keywords:

Beliefs, Covid-19, Anxiety, Mental Health, Women

Abstract

This research regarding to analyze the main beliefs of women regarding the Covid-19 pandemic and compare the response patterns of women with and without anxious symptoms. The methodology adopted the free evocation technique and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) symptom scale. The participant selection was relegated to convenience sampling by means of an online questionnaire, and include 4970 brasilein women. Results showed that women without anxious symptoms had beliefs that favored a more adequate psychological adjustment to the pandemic context. Women with symptoms, on the other hand, use less adaptive beliefs, presenting more catastrophic and negative thinking patterns, pointing to a greater experimentation of negative affects. It was concluded that belief analysis is an interesting resource to be used in the field of psychology, as it allows access to cognitive resources involved in the process of coping and psychological adjustment to situations such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Júlia Nunes Cardoso, Universidade Federal de Sergipe

Graduanda em Psicologia pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Bolsista CNPq. Membro do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia da Saúde (GEPPS/UFS).

Daiane Nunes , Universidade Federal de Sergipe

Doutoranda em Psicologia pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Membro do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia da Saúde (GEPPS-UFS).

André Faro, Universidade Federal de Sergipe

Doutor em Psicologia (UFBA, 2008-2010). Professor dos cursos de Graduação e Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) desde 2013. Pós-Doutor/Visiting Scholar em Saúde Pública e Saúde Mental na Johns Hopkins University (JHU, Bloomberg School of Public Health) (2017-2018). Líder do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia da Saúde (GEPPS/UFS). Atua como colaborador no Projeto Global Burden of Disease (IHME). 

References

Abric, J. C. (1994). Pratiques sociales et représentations. Presses Universitaires de France.

Bailey, R.; Wells, A. (2016). The contribution of metacognitive beliefs and dysfunctional illness beliefs in predicting health anxiety: An evaluation of the metacognitive versus the cognitive models. Clinical Psychologist, 20(3), 129-137. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/cp.12078

Barreto, R. S. et al. (2021). Concepções de segurança do paciente pelo prisma das representações sociais de enfermeiros intensivistas. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería, 39(2), 06-17. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v39n2e06

Bertollo-Nardi, M. et al. (2014). Representações sociais de psicólogo para jovens estudantes. Revista CES Psicología, 7(2), 78-95. https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/2761/2200

Brooks, S. K. et al. (2020) The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Clark, D. A.; Beck, A. T. (2016). Terapia Cognitiva para os Transtornos de Ansiedade: Tratamentos que Funcionam: Guia do Terapeuta. Artmed Editora.

Chen, S.; Bonanno, G. A. (2020). Psychological adjustment during the global outbreak of COVID-19: A resilience perspective. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(1), 51. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/tra0000685

Earnshaw, V. A. et al. (2020). COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, health behaviors, and policy support. Translational behavioral medicine, 10(4), 850-856. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa090

Faro, A. & Sousa, K. (2021). Psicologia da saúde e covid-19: Cenários para a compreensão e atuação na pandemia. In Faro, A., Cerqueira-Santos, E. & Silva, J. P. (Org.). Psicologia e Covid-19: Saúde, desenvolvimento e educação. (pp. 27-57). Editora Dialética.

Flor, L. S. et al. (2022). Quantifying the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender equality on health, social, and economic indicators: a comprehensive review of data from March, 2020, to September, 2021. The Lancet, 399(10344), 2381-2397. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00008-3

Frias, J. L. F. de., Ferreira, J. G. da S., Lamim, L. T. M., Vasconcellos, M., & Costa, N. L. (2021). Impactos da covid-19 na sintomatologia ansiosa numa amostra da população brasileira. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 2(6), 26464. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v2i6.464

Fu, W. et al. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. (2020). Principais Questões sobre Violência contra a Mulher na pandemia e após. Portal de Boas Práticas em Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente. https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/atencao-mulher/principais-questoes-sobre-violencia-contra-a-mulher-na-pandemia-e-pos-pandemia/

Kroenke, K. et al. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of internal medicine, 146(5), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004

Leahy, Robert L. (2018). Técnicas de Terapia Cognitiva: Manual do Terapeuta. Artmed Editora.

Lima, C. H. et al. (2020). Psychoanalytical Investigation of Clinical Phenomena in Psychosis, in the Pandemic Context of COVID-19. Psychology, 11(12), 1837. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2020.1112116

Lin, S. L. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder during COVID-19 in Canada: gender-specific association of COVID-19 misinformation exposure, precarious employment, and health behavior change. Journal of Affective Disorders, 302, 280-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.100

Morrow, E. H. (2015). The evolution of sex differences in disease. Biology of sex differences, 6, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-015-0023-0

Nogueira, T. L. et al. (2021). Pós covid-19: as sequelas deixadas pelo Sars-Cov-2 e o impacto na vida das pessoas acometidas. Archives of Health, 2(3), 457-471. https://doi.org/10.46919/archv2n3-021

Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. (2022). Pandemia de COVID-19 desencadeia aumento de 25% na prevalência de ansiedade e depressão em todo o mundo. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/noticias/2-3-2022-pandemia-covid-19-desencadeia-aumento-25-na-prevalencia-ansiedade-e-depressao-em

Ozili, P. K.; Arun, T. (2020). Spillover of COVID-19: impact on the Global Economy. MPRA Paper 99317, 41-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3562570

Rodríguez-Rey, R.; Garrido-Hernansaiz, H.; Collado, S. (2020). Psychological impact and associated factors during the initial stage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in Spain. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1540. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540

Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403

Sant’Anna, H. C. (2012). OpenEvoc: Um programa de apoio à pesquisa em Representações Sociais. Psicologia Social: desafios contemporâneos. Vitória: GM Gráfica e Editora. https://loop-ufes.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/openEvoc_Um_programa_de_apoio_a_pesquisa.pdf

Santabárbara, J. et al. (2021). Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 109, 110207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110207

Santos C. F. (2020). Reflections about the impact of the SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Braz J Psychiatry, 42(3), 329-332. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0981

Silva, R. R. et al. (2021). Efeitos do isolamento social na pandemia da covid-19 na saúde mental da população. Av. Enferm, 39, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v39n1supl.89262

Taylor, S. E. (2020). Health psychology. Mc Graw Hill.

Turri, G. S. et al. (2022). Percepção dos indivíduos no início do período de quarentena e isolamento social devido à pandemia da Covid-19. Mudanças-Psicologia da Saúde, 30(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-1019/mud.v30n1p1-10

Valiente, C. et al. (2021). Psychological adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic: Positive and negative mental health outcomes in the general population. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, 8. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2021.7

Wang, C. et al. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729

Whitehead, M. (1992). The concepts and principles of equity and health. International journal of health services, 22(3), 429-445. https://doi.org/10.2190/986l-lhq6-2vte-yrrn

World health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/depression-global-health-estimates

Xiong, J. et al. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of affective disorders, 277, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001

Yan, S. et al. (2021). Sex differences and psychological stress: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10085-w

Zewdie, A. et al. (2022). The health belief model’s ability to predict COVID-19 preventive behavior: A systematic review. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 20503121221113668. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F20503121221113668

Zhang, S. X. et al. (2021). Predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms in Brazil during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph18137026

Published

2014-04-30

How to Cite

Nunes Cardoso, J., Nunes , D., & Faro, A. (2014). Beliefs of women with and without anxious symptoms about the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Journal of Psychology, 15, e024008. https://doi.org/10.36517/revpsiufc.15.2024.e024008