Michel Foucault and the french phenomenological ambience: advent of his first philosophical impulses

Abstract

The young Foucault's first writings were driven by the fruitful phenomenological current that supported new developments in French philosophy, constituting the Zeitgeist of European culture at the beginning of the 20th century, with a Husserlian-Marxist character, overcoming Freudian-Marxist tendencies. Edmund Husserl's phenomenology had such an impact, particularly on the French, to the point of having led to lectures at the Sorbonne University, given by its creator, in which he conveyed a sample of his methodological reflections and their expected and/or repercussions. already underway, through an inflection in which conditions of possibility were sought to overcome the phase of mere sciences explaining facts, of a naturalistic caracter, so that in addition to them, or even in addition to them, the advent of comprehensive sciences, of in order to contemplate the objects of reflection that are of the order of the spirit, as is the case of the human sciences in general, and in particular psychology, which became the synthesis work of phenomenological thought, the Meditações cartesianas (2024). Delivered in 1931, Husserl exposed his life's project in which he sought to establish a philosophical foundation for science, based on the analysis of intentional consciousness and subjective experience, in a transcendental turn that was later overcome following the realization of the crisis in which European sciences met, through reflections on the world-of-life (Lebenswelt) and the concept of intersubjectivity, whose phase was called Crisis.