Resiliência em tempos de pandemia: Um estudo longitudinal dos índices de sustentabilidade da Bolsa de Valores Brasileira

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2024.93488

Palavras-chave:

índices de sustentabilidade, Covid-19, mercado de capitais, cotação, Brasil

Resumo

Contextualização: A pandemia da COVID-19 se constituiu uma forte ameaça à vida humana e à sociedade, com reflexos significativos no mercado de capitais. A originalidade e a importância do estudo residem na proposta, ainda não realizada, de avaliar o comportamento longitudinal da cotação de três dos principais índices de sustentabilidade da Bolsa de Valores brasileira. Revelando o potencial de oferecer valiosos insights sobre a associação entre o desempenho de investimentos sustentáveis e períodos de crises sanitárias e econômicas.

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento longitudinal da cotação de índices de sustentabilidade da B3 S.A. antes, durante e após a COVID-19. Os índices estudados foram o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), Índice de Carbono Eficiente (ICO2) e o Índice Great Place to Work (IGPTW). Os índices de sustentabilidade da Bolsa de Valores Brasileira avaliam e classificam empresas com base em práticas baseadas em um ou mais pilares da pauta sustentável, com vista a promover investimentos responsáveis. Eles incentivam a transparência e a adoção de melhores práticas de sustentabilidade corporativa.

Método: A pesquisa teve caráter descritivo, abordagem quantitativa e fonte de dados documental. A técnica utilizada foi a Anova de Medidas Repetidas (Anova – MR).

Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na cotação dos três índices no transcorrer do tempo analisado, desta forma, havendo confirmação da H1. Enquanto a H2 foi parcialmente confirmada, vez que o ISE e IGPTW apresentaram um desempenho positivo na comparação da cotação média entre os períodos pré e pós-pandemia.

Conclusões: Um desempenho superior na cotação média de dois dos três índices estudados no primeiro ano de pandemia em comparação com o período pré-pandêmico, bem como, de um modo geral, ao considerar a análise longitudinal de todo o período estudado, pode demonstrar certa resiliência dos índices de sustentabilidade frente à períodos de crise.

Biografia do Autor

Marcos Filho Lima Bastos, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido(UFERSA)

Mestrando em Administração da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA)

Clandia Maffini Gomes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande(FURG)

Professora da  Universidade Federal do Rio Grande(FURG)

Doutora em Administração pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

Ana Paula Perlin, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) 

Técnica Administrativa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

Doutora em Adminsitração pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

Jordana Marques Kneipp, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) 

Professor da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

Doutor em Administração pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

Referências

Abedifar, P., Bouslah, K., Neumann, C., & Tarazi, A. (2023). Resilience of Environmental and Social Stocks under Stress: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Financial Markets Institutions & Instruments, 32, 23-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/fmii.12166

Adikari, A. A. V. S., & Buddhika, H. J. R. (2023). Impact of Covid-19 on Stock Market Indices: Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange. South Asian Journal of Finance, 3(1), 38-53. https://doi.org/10.4038/sajf.v3i1.52

Adnan, A. T. M., & Hasan, M. M. (2021). The emergence of COVID-19 and capital market reaction: an emerging market scenario analysis. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 17(1), 35-62.

Alam, M. M., Wei, H., & Wahid, A. N. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak and sectoral performance of the Australian stock market: An event study analysis. Australian Economic Papers, 60(3), 482-495. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12215

Alijani, M., Banimahd, B., Nikoomaram, H., & Yaghobnezhad, A. (2021). Fractal analysis and the relationship between efficiency of capital market indices and COVID-19 in Iran. Results in Physics, 25, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104262

Alkayed, H., Yousef, I., Hussainey, K., & Shehadeh, E. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on sustainability reporting: A perspective from the US financial institutions. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 6(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-12-2022-0345

B3 S.A. – BRASIL, BOLSA, BALCÃO. (2024). Índices de Sustentabilidade. https://www.b3.com.br/pt_br/market-data-e-indices/indices/indices-de-sustentabilidade/.

Babu, M., Lourdesraj, A., Hariharan, C., Gayathri, J. Butani, C. K., & Kathiravan, C. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on environmental, social, and governance index in India. International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1057/1/012017

Barbier, E. B., & Burgess, J. C. (2020). Sustainability and development after COVID-19. World Development, 135, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105082

Bose, S., Shams, S., Ali, M. J., & Mihret, D. (2022). COVID-19 impact, sustainability performance and firm value: international evidence. Accounting & Finance, 62, 597-643. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12801

Cardillo, G., Bendinelli, E., & Torluccio, G. (2022). COVID-19, ESG investing, and the resilience of more sustainable stocks: Evidence from European firms. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32, 602-623. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3163

Cazeri, G. T., Anholon, R., Eulalia, L. A. S., & Rampasso, I. S. (2022). Potential COVID-19 impacts on the transition to Industry 4.0 in the Brazilian manufacturing sector. Kybernetes, 51(7), 2233-2239. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-10-2020-0693

Cheema-Fox, A., Wang, H., & Serafeim, G. (2021). Corporate resilience and response to COVID-19. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 33(2), 24-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/jacf.12457

DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160.

Döttling, R., & Kim, S. (2022). Sustainability Preferences Under Stress: Evidence from COVID-19. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 59(2), 435-473. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109022001296

Fathmaningrum, E. S. Utami, T. P. (2022). Determinants of Investment Decisions in the Capital Market During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 23(1), 147-169. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v23i1.13408

Flores, E. S., Sampaio, J. O., Beiruth, A. X., & Brugni, T. V. (2023). Earnings management during the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from the Brazilian and American capital markets. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 13(4), 760-783. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-10-2021-0317

Folger-Laronde, Z., Pashang, S., Feor, L., & Elalfy. A. (2022). ESG ratings and financial performance of Exchange-traded funds during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainable Financial Investing, 12, 490-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2020.1782814

Galvão, N. M. S. (2021). COVID-19 e comportamento empresarial: um estudo à luz da teoria dos stakeholders no setor da moda no Brasil. Revista Gestão Organizacional, 14(1), 192-211. https://doi.org/10.22277/rgo.v14i1.5552

Gil, A. C. (2014). Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. 6 ed. São Paulo: Atlas.

Gormsen, N. J., & Koijen, R. S. J. (2020). Coronavirus: Impact on Stock Prices and Growth Expectations. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10, 574-597. https://doi.org/10.1093/rapstu/raaa013

Haque, A. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic and the role of responsible leadership in health care: thinking beyond employee well-being and organisational sustainability. Leadership in Health Services, 34(1), 52-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-09-2020-0071

Hasan, B., Rashid, M. Hossain, N., Rahman, M., & Amin, R. (2023). Using green and ESG assets to achieve post-COVID-19 environmental sustainability. Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy, 3(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1108/FREP-04-2022-0026

Kandokrova, M., Makhosheva, S., Efendiev, A. Uyanaeva,H., & Dzgoev, B. (2021). Institutional imperatives for sustainable socio-ecological and economic development. E3S Web of Conferences, 284, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128407013

Kordsachia, O., Focke, M., & Velte, P. (2022). Do sustainable institutional investors contribute to firms’ environmental performance? Empirical evidence from Europe. Review of Managerial Science, 16, 1409-1436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00484-7

Laird, N. M. (2022). Statistical analysis of longitudinal studies. International Statistical Review, 90(1), 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/insr.12523

Lee, D., Kang, J., & Kim, K. (2020). Global Collaboration Research Strategies for Sustainability in the Post COVID-19 Era: Analyzing Virology-Related National-Funded Projects. Sustainability, 12, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166561

Liu, L. Sustainability Indexes as Possible Predictors of Excess Mortality across OECD Countries during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Med R Xiv The Preprint Server for Health Sciences, 15, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.09.23291035

Lu, J., Rodenburg, K., Foti, L., & Pegoraro, A. (2022). Are firms with better sustainability performance more resilient during crises? Business Strategy and the Environment, 31, 3354-3370. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3088

Lu, K. C., & Chen, K. S. (2023). Uncovering Information Linkages between Bitcoin, Sustainable Finance and the Impact of COVID-19: Fractal and Entropy Analysis. Fractal and Fractional, 424(7), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7060424

Martynets, V., Opanasiuk, Y., & Matvieieva, Y. (2022). How the Covid-19 Pandemic Affects Sustainable Development: The Impact on the Social, Economic and Energy Parameters of Sustainable Development. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 14(4), 425-456. https://doi.org/10.13052/spee1048-5236.4144

Moolman, A. M., Fouché, J. P., & Leendertz, V. (2023). Sustainability elements of companies that are affected by pandemics. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 16(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v16i1.828

Nicoletti, M., Alem, G., Blazek, M., Fillipi, P., & Bismarchi, L. F. (2020). Atuação empresarial para sustentabilidade e resiliência no contexto da COVID-19. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 60(6), 413-425. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020200605

Nogueira, M. C., & Madaleno, M. (2022). Are Sustainability Indices Infected by the Volatility of Stock Indices? Analysis before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 14, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215434

Nurdany, A., Ibrahim, M. H., & Romadoni, M. F. (2021). The asymmetric volatility of the islamic capital market during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 7(1), 185-202. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v7i0.1312

Padhan, R., & Prabheesh, K. P. (2021). The economics of COVID-19 pandemic: A survey. Economic Analysis and Policy, 70, 220-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.02.012

Priscilla, S., Hatane, S. E., & Tarigan, J. (2022). COVID-19 catastrophes and stock market liquidity: evidence from technology industry of four biggest Asian capital market. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(5), 695-720.

Ranjbari, M., Esfandabadi, Z. S., Zanetti, M. C., Scagnelli, S. D., Sibers, P. O., Aghbashlo, M., Peng, W., Quatraro, F., & Tabatabaei, M. (2021). Three pillars of sustainability in the wake of COVID-19: A systematic review and future research agenda for sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 297, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126660

Rashid, N. M. N. N. M., Noor, R., Matsuki, N., Rahman, N. A., & Omar, N. (2016). The longitudinal study of earnings management: analysis on companies financial abilities. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00018-6

Raza, M. W., Said, B., & Elshahat, A. (2023). Covid-19 and informational efficiency in Asian emerging markets: a comparative study of conventional and Shariah-compliant stocks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(3), 576-592. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2022-0041

Reimer, G., Briozzo, A., & Capobianco, G. (2023). Eventos informativos sobre COVID-19 y su efecto en índices bursátiles. Una revisión de la evidencia empírica. Estudios Gerenciales, 39(167), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2023.167.5759

Resende, K. C., & Sales, G. A. W. (2021). Comportamento do coeficiente beta das ações brasileiras no período da crise gerada pela pandemia da COVID-19. Revista Eletrônica do Departamento de Ciências Contábeis & Departamento de Atuária e Métodos Quantitativos da FEA, 8(1), 32-51.

Ribeiro, H. C. M., & Moreira, A. M. A. P. (2021). COVID-19: efeitos e implicações ocorridos no turismo da rota das emoções localizada no Nordeste do Brasil. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, 10(2), 106-138. https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v10i2.18419

Rivera, R. J. M., Diéz, J. A. L., & Martinéz, F. V. (2020). Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en variables financieras relevantes en las principales economías de Latinoamérica. Economía Teoría y Práctica, v. especial, 125-144. https://doi.org/10.24275/etypuam/ne/e052020/mendoza

Rubbaniy, G., Khalid, A. A., Samitas, A., & Ali, S. (2022). Are ESG stocks safe-haven during COVID-19? Studies in Economics and Finance, 39, 239-255. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3779430

Saénz, A. B. M., & Solari, E. (2022). Indice Brasileño Sustentable vs de mercado durante COVID-19. Revista ENIAC Pesquisa, 11(2), 356-369. https://doi.org/10.22567/rep.v11i2.855

Sarkis, J. (2021). Supply chain sustainability: learning from the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 41(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-08-2020-0568

Schmuller, J. (2019). Análise estatística com R. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Alta Books.

Sierra, C. F. D., & Nuñez, W. N. (2020). El mercado integrado latinoamericano – mila – en tiempo de covid -19. análisis enero – mayo 2020. Aglala, 11(1), 17-37.

Simeão, I., & Ferreira, K. A. (2022). Lean construction and resilience while coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of construction companies in Brazil. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 14(5), 970-988. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-02-2022-0027

Singh, N. P., Makhija, P., & Chacko, E. (2021). Sustainable investment and the COVID-19 effect-volatility analysis of ESG Index. International Journal of Sustainability, 13, 357-368. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSE.2021.118620

Sousa, A. C., & Abdala, K. O. (2020). Sustentabilidade, do conceito à análise. Revista Metropolitana de Sustentabilidade, 10(2), 146-166.

Souza, G. H. S., Lima, N. C., Coelho, J. A. P. M., & Jardim, A. C. G. S. (2023). Expectativas empresariais frente ao início da pandemia da COVID-19: Evidências empíricas no Brasil. REGEPE Entrepreneurship and Small Business Journal, 12(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.14211/regepe.esbj.e2240

Sun, L., & Small, G. (2022). Has sustainable investing made and impact in the period of COVID-19? Evidence from Australian Exchange traded funds. Sustainability Financial Investing, 12, 251-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1977577

United Nations Brazil. Brasil e ONU lançam fundo para a Amazônia. https://brasil.un.org/pt-br/241716-brasil-e-onu-lan%C3%A7am-fundo-para-amaz%C3%B4nia

United Nations Brazil. Chefe da Organização Mundial da Saúde declara o fim da COVID-19 como uma emergência de saúde global. https://brasil.un.org/pt-br/230307-chefe-da-organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o-mundial-da-sa%C3%BAde-declara-o-fim-da-COVID-19-como-uma-emerg%C3%AAncia-de-sa%C3%BAde

United Nations Brazil. Indústria: Brasil é o segundo país mais competitive da América Latina. https://news.un.org/pt/story/2019/05/1671401

Woo, H., Shin, D. C., Jung, S., & Jin, B. E. (2022). Does the Pandemic Boost Sustainability? The Influence of COVID-19 on Consumers and Their Loyalty Intentions toward Sustainable Brands. ITAA Proceedings, 19, 1-4.

Wu, C., Xu, M., Du, P., Li, J., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 policy on stock prices of listed property companies. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 8(2), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00278

Xie, W., & Tian, H. (2023). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate trade credit Financing. Economics Letters, 232, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111339

Xu, W., Li, A., & Wei, L. (2022). The Impact of COVID-19 on China’s Capital Market and Major Industry Sectors. Procedia Computer Science, 199, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.011

Yadav, N., & Bhama, V. (2023). Sustainability, Resilience, and Returns During COVID-19: Empirical Evidence from US and Indian Stock Markets. Journal of Emerging Market Finance, 22(2), 215-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/09726527231158555

Zimon, G., Salehi, M., & Arabi, S. K. (2024). COVID-19 and CFO performance: evidence of large and medium-size companies. Journal of Facilities Management, 22(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-05-2023-0054

Publicado

2024-08-13

Como Citar

Bastos, M. F. L., Gomes, C. M., Perlin, A. P., & Kneipp, J. M. (2024). Resiliência em tempos de pandemia: Um estudo longitudinal dos índices de sustentabilidade da Bolsa de Valores Brasileira. Contextus – Revista Contemporânea De Economia E Gestão, 22, e93488. https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2024.93488

Edição

Seção

Artigos