Presidentialism in Crisis or Parliamentarism by Other Means? Presidential impeachments in Brazil and Latin America

Authors

Keywords:

Presidentialism, Latin America, Brazil, Presidential Breakdown, Comparative Politics

Abstract

The goal of this article is to set the impeachment of Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff in the
context of the broader literature on presidential breakdowns in Latin America. Going against
the Linzian thesis of systemic instability, we argue that presidential systems in Latin America
have found institutional mechanisms to deal with crisis between the Executive and Legislative
branches. It does not mean, however, that the solutions for the deadlocks are uncontroversial.
Issues of legitimacy and legality, as well as a highly polarized political environment,
characterize the majority of cases of presidential breakdowns mobilized by the Legislative.
Taking this broader context and the recent Brazilian case, we propose some institutional
mechanisms in presidential systems that could facilitate solving political deadlocks between
branches of government.

Author Biographies

Yuri Kasahara, Oslo and Akershus University College

Yuri Kasahara é doutor em ciência política e atualmente é pesquisador-sênior do Norwegian Institute of Urban and Regional Research do Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences (NIBR/HiOA), Noruega. Recentemente, seu trabalho tem focado nos mecanismos institucionais de formulação e implementação de sistemas regulatórios e políticas públicas, com particular foco na organização e atuação do setor empresarial. Foi autor em periódicos como Dados, Business and Politics e European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Também foi autor (com Benedicte Bull e Fulvio Castellacci) do livro Business Groups and Transnational Capitalism in Central America – Economic and Political Strategies.

Endereço postal: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research. PO Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Noruega. 

Leiv Marsteintredet, University of Bergen

Leiv Marsteintredet é doutor em política comparada e atualmente é professor-associado do Departamento de Política Comparada da Universidade de Bergen, Noruega. Seu trabalho tem se concentrado no estudo de crises em regimes presidencialistas, de sucessões presidenciais (particularmente no papel de vice-presidentes), democracia e na disseminação de direitos humanos. Foi autor em periódicos como Latin American Politics and Society, Comparative Politics e International Political Science Review. Recentemente editou um livro sobre as relações políticas e sociais entre a Noruega e a América Latina (no prelo).

Endereço postal: Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen. PO Box 7802, 5007, Bergen, Noruega. 

References

ABRANCHES, Sérgio. Presidencialismo de coalizão: O dilema institucional brasileiro. Dados, Rio de Janeiro, n.1, ano 31, p. 1-34, 1988.

CHEIBUB, José Antonio, ELKINS, Zachary e GINSBURG, Tom. Still the land of presidentialism? Executives and the Latin American constitution, In NOLTE, Detlef e SCHILLING-VACAFLOR, Almut (orgs.). New constitutionalism in Latin America – Promises and practices. Londres: Routledge, 2012. p. 73-98.

FIGUEIREDO, Argelina C. e LIMONGI, Fernando. Executivo e legislativo na nova ordem constitucional. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. FGV, 1999.

FIGUEIREDO, Argelina C. The Collor impeachment and presidential government in Brazil, In LLANOS, Mariana e MARSTEINTREDET, Leiv (orgs.). Presidential breakdowns in Latin America. Causes and outcomes of executive instability in developing democracies. New York, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. p. 111-128.

FLYNN, Peter. Collor, Corruption and crisis: Time for reflection. Journal of Latin American Studies, n.2, ano 25, p. 351-371. 1993.

HOCHSTETLER, Kathryn. Rethinking presidentialism: Challenges and presidential falls in South America. Comparative Politics, n.4, ano 38, p. 401-418, 2006.

LINZ, Juan J. The perils of presidentialism. Journal of Democracy, n.1, ano 1, p. 51-69, 1990.

LLANOS, Mariana e NOLTE, Detlef. The many faces of Latin American presidentialism. GIGA Focus Latin America, n. 1, ano 12, p. 1-12, 2016.

MAINWARING, Scott. Presidentialism, multipartism, and democracy - The difficult combination. Comparative Political Studies, n.2, ano 26, p. 198-228, 1993.

MALAMUD, Andrés. Social revolution or political takeover? The Argentine collapse of 2001 reassessed. Latin American Perspectives, n.1, ano 42, p. 11-26, 2015.

MARSTEINTREDET, Leiv. Explaining variation of executive instability in presidential regimes: presidential interruptions in Latin America. International Political Science Review, n.2, ano 35, p. 175-196, 2014.

MARSTEINTREDET, Leiv e BERNTZEN, Einar. Reducing the perils of presidentialism in Latin America through presidential interruptions. Comparative Politics, n.1, ano 41, p. 83-101, 2008.

MARSTEINTREDET, Leiv, LLANOS, Mariana e NOLTE, Detlef. Paraguay and the politics of impeachment. Journal of Democracy, n.4, ano 24, p. 110-123, outubro 2013.

PÉREZ-LIÑÁN, Aníbal. Presidential impeachment and the new political instability in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

SALLUM Jr., Brasilio e CASARÕES, Guilherme Stolle Paixão. O impeachment do presidente Collor: a literatura e o processo. Lua Nova, São Paulo, n.82, p. 163-200, 2011.

SHUGART, Matthew S. e CAREY, John M. Presidents and assemblies: Constitutional design and electoral dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

VALENZUELA, Arturo. Latin American presidencies interrupted. Journal of Democracy, n.4, ano 15, p. 5-19, 2004.

WEYLAND, Kurt. The rise and fall of president Collor and its impact on Brazilian democracy. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, n.1, ano 35, p. 1-37, 1993.

Published

2018-02-28

How to Cite

Kasahara, Y., & Marsteintredet, L. (2018). Presidentialism in Crisis or Parliamentarism by Other Means? Presidential impeachments in Brazil and Latin America. Revista De Ciências Sociais (Social Sciences’ Journal), 49(1_Mar/Jun), 30–54. Retrieved from http://periodicos.ufc.br/revcienso/article/view/19270