TRANSPARENCY INCREASEMENT OF OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA: PERCEPTION OF BRAZILIAN CITIZEN OBSERVATORIES

Authors

  • Rodrigo Hickmann Klein Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-9520
  • Deisy Cristina Barbiero Klein Universidade Estácio de Sá
  • Edimara Mezzomo Luciano Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v17i1.32834

Keywords:

open government data, transparency, citizen observatories, accountability theory, open government

Abstract

Open Government Data (OGD) promote transparency by making government data public and allowing the accountability of public officials and elected representatives for their actions and decisions. The purposes of this research are to identify and to evaluate the importance of mechanisms that can increase OGD transparency and thus meet the purpose of accountability processes. Such mechanisms were identified through a systematic literature review and validated by the participation of OGD experts and 92 OGD users represented by members of so-called Social Observatories. All mechanisms were considered at least important by most respondents. The importance attributed to the mechanisms emphasizes the quality and reliability required for the reuse of OGD. The results obtained are relevant to the practice of public managers who wish to evaluate the transparency of OGD publications and formulate strategies and public policies to disseminate them.

Author Biographies

Rodrigo Hickmann Klein, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS

Doutor em Administração Pontifícia pela Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul(PUCRS). Mestre em Administração e Negócios pela PUCRS. Bacharel em Ciência da Computação (ULBRA), com especialização em Gestão Empresarial (ULBRA) e
certificações PMP, COBIT, ITIL, ISO 27002, CTFL­-ISTQB e PSM.

Deisy Cristina Barbiero Klein, Universidade Estácio de Sá

Especialista em Gestão Estratégica de Tecnologia da Informação pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) e bacharel em Ciência da Computação pela Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) com especialização em Gestão Empresarial (ULBRA) e certificações CTFL­-ISTQB e PSM.

Edimara Mezzomo Luciano, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS

Professora Titular da PUCRS, atuando no Programa de Pós­Graduação em Administração. Doutora e Mestre em Administração pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, tendo realizado o seu Pós­Doutorado na London School of Economics and Political Sciences. Coordena o Grupo de Pesquisas/CNPq em Governança Digital para Impacto Social, e atua como minitrack chair do AMCIS e associate editor do ECIS, e como Líder de Tema no ENANPAD. Seus temas de interesse são Governança de TI, Governança Digital, Governo Aberto, valor social e o uso de TICs na redução de níveis
de corrupção.

References

AL-JAMAL, M.; ABU-SHANAB, E. The influence of open government on e-government website: the case of Jordan. International Journal of Electronic Governance, v. 8, n. 2, p. 159-179, 2016.

ANDERSEN, T. B. E-Government as an anti-corruption strategy. Information Economics and Policy, v. 21, n. 3, p. 201-210, 2009.

ATTARD, J.; ORLANDI, F.; SCERRI, S.; AUER, S. A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, v. 32, n. 4, p. 399-418, 2015.

BALL, C. What is transparency?. Public Integrity, v. 11, n. 4, p. 293-308, 2009.

BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo. Tradução de Luís Antero Reto e Augusto Pinheiro. São

Paulo (SP): Martins Fontes, 2010.

BARRY, E.; BANNISTER, F. Barriers to open data release: A view from the top. Information Polity, v. 19, n. 1,2, p. 129-152, 2014.

BAUMEISTER, R. F.; LEARY, M. R. Writing narrative literature reviews. Review of General Psychology, v. 1, n. 3, p. 311, 1997.

COLLAZO-REYES, F.; LUNA-MORALES, M. E.; LUNA-MORALES, Evelia. Change in the publishing regime in Latin America: from a local to universal journal, Archivos de investigación Médica/Archives of Medical Research (1970–2014). Scientometrics, v. 110, n. 2, p. 695-709, 2017.

COOPER, H.; HEDGES, L. V.; VALENTINE, J. C. The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. Russell Sage Foundation, 2009.

CRESWELL, J. W. Projeto de pesquisa: métodos qualitativo, quantitativo e misto. 3. Ed. Trad. Magda Lopes. Porto Alegra: Artmed, 2010.

DAWES, S. S. Stewardship and usefulness: Policy principles for information-based transparency. Government Information Quarterly, v. 27, n. 4, p. 377-383, 2010.

DE FERRANTI, D. et al. How to improve governance: a new framework for analysis and action. Brookings Institution Press, 2009.

ENGA – ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE GOVERNO ABERTO. Disponível em: <http://www.governoaberto.cgu.gov.br/noticias/2016/i-encontro-brasileiro-de-governo-aberto>. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2016.

FLICK, U. Introdução à Pesquisa Qualitativa. 3. Ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2009.

GALIOTOU, E.; FRAGKOU, P. Applying linked data technologies to Greek open government data: a case study. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, v. 73, p. 479-486, 2013.

GIBBS, G. Análise de dados qualitativos. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2009 (Coleção Pesquisa Qualitativa – Coordenada por Uwe Flick).

HAIR, J. F.; ANDERSON, R. E.; TATHAM, R. L.; BLACK, W. C. Análise multivariada de dados. 6. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2009.

HAIR, J. F.; BABIN, B.; MONEY, A. H.; SAMOUEL, P. Fundamentos de Métodos de Pesquisa em Administração. 7. Ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2005, cap. 6-7.

HARRISON, T. M. et al. Open government and e-government: Democratic challenges from a public value perspective. Information Polity, v. 17, n. 2, p. 83-97, 2012.

KASSEN, M. A promising phenomenon of open data: A case study of the Chicago open data project. Government Information Quarterly, v. 30, n. 4, p. 508-513, 2013.

KHAYYAT, M.; BANNISTER, F. Open data licensing: more than meets the eye. Information Polity, v. 20, n. 4, p. 231-252, 2015.

KOUSSOURIS, S. et al. Accelerating Policy Making 2.0: Innovation directions and research perspectives as distilled from four standout cases. Government Information Quarterly, v. 32, n. 2, p. 142-153, 2015.

LEE, G.; KWAK, Y. H. An open government maturity model for social media-based public engagement. Government Information Quarterly, v. 29, n. 4, p. 492-503, 2012.

LEONTIEVA, L. S. et al. Social-communicative innovations in anti-corruption activities (Regional aspect). Asian Social Science, v. 11, n. 7, p. 387, 2015.

LERNER, J. S.; TETLOCK, P. E. Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological bulletin, v. 125, n. 2, p. 255, 1999.

LINDERS, D. Towards open development: Leveraging open data to improve the planning and coordination of international aid. Government Information Quarterly, v. 30, n. 4, p. 426-434, 2013.

LOURENÇO, R. P. An analysis of open government portals: A perspective of transparency for accountability. Government Information Quarterly, v. 32, n. 3, p. 323-332, 2015.

MARAMIERI, J. Open Government Data: a citizen’s right or a concession of public authorities?. Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, v. 10, n. 2, 2014.

MCKEOWN, B.; THOMAS, D. B. Q methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2013.

MPF – Ministério Público Federal. Brasil. Ranking Nacional da Transparência. Brasília: MPF, 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.rankingdatransparencia.mpf.mp.br/>. Acesso em: 9 dez. 2016.

MURILLO, M. J. Evaluating the role of online data availability: The case of economic and institutional transparency in sixteen Latin American nations. International Political Science Review, v. 36, n. 1, p. 42-59, 2015.

NUGROHO, R. P. et al. A comparison of national open data policies: lessons learned. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, v. 9, n. 3, p. 286-308, 2015.

OGWG – Open Government Working Group. The 8 principles of open government data. 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.opengovdata.org>. Acesso em: 8 dez. 2016.

O’RIAIN, S.; CURRY, E.; HARTH, A. XBRL and open data for global financial ecosystems: A linked data approach. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, v. 13, n. 2, p. 141-162, 2012.

OSB – Observatório Social do Brasil. Observatórios pelo Brasil. 2017a. Disponível em <http://osbrasil.org.br/observatorios-pelo-brasil/>. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2017.

OSB – Observatório Social do Brasil. Transparência e controle social pela eficiência e qualidade na aplicação dos recursos públicos. 2017b. Disponível em: <http://osbrasil.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Rede-OSB_nov.16.pdf>. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2017.

PINSONNEAULT, A.; KRAEMER K. L. Journal of Management Information Systems. v. 10, n. 2, p. 75-105, 1993.

SÁEZ MARTÍN, A.; DE ROSARIO, A. H.; PÉREZ, M. D. C. C. An international analysis of the quality of open government data portals. Social Science Computer Review, v. 34, n. 3, p. 298-311, 2015.

SOL, D. A. del. The institutional, economic and social determinants of local government transparency. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, v. 16, n. 1, p. 90-107, 2013.

SOLAR, M. et al. A Model to Guide the Open Government Data Implementation in Public Agencies. J. UCS, v. 20, n. 11, p. 1564-1582, 2014.

STAMATI, T.; PAPADOPOULOS, T.; ANAGNOSTOPOULOS, D. Social media for openness and accountability in the public sector: Cases in the Greek context. Government Information Quarterly, v. 32, n. 1, p. 12-29, 2015.

TETLOCK, P. E. Accountability and complexity of thought. Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 45, n. 1, p. 74, 1983a.

TETLOCK, P. E. Accountability and the perseverance of first impressions. Social Psychology Quarterly, p. 285-292, 1983b.

TETLOCK, P. E. Accountability: A social check on the fundamental attribution error. Social Psychology Quarterly, p. 227-236, 1985.

TETLOCK, P. E; BOETTGER, R. Accountability amplifies the status quo effect when change creates victims. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1-23, 1994.

TETLOCK, P. E; BOETTGER, R. Accountability: A social magnifier of the dilution effect. Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 57, n. 3, p. 388, 1989.

TETLOCK, P. E; KIM, J. I. Accountability and judgment processes in a personality prediction task. Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 52, n. 4, p. 700, 1987.

TETLOCK, P. E; SKITKA, L.; BOETTGER, R. Social and cognitive strategies for coping with accountability: conformity, complexity, and bolstering. Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 57, n. 4, p. 632, 1989.

THOMAS, D. M.; WATSON, R. T. Q-sorting and MIS research: A primer. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, v. 8, n. 1, p. 9, 2002.

TOBER, M. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus or Google Scholar–Which is the Best search engine for an effective literature research in laser medicine? Medical Laser Application, v. 26, n. 3, p. 139-144, 2011.

UBALDI, B. Open government data: Towards empirical analysis of open government data initiatives. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, n. 22, Paris, OECD Publishing, 2013.

VANCE, A.; LOWRY, P. B.; EGGETT, D. Using accountability to reduce access policy violations in information systems. Journal of Management Information Systems, v. 29, n. 4, p. 263-290, 2013.

VANCE, A.; LOWRY, P. B.; EGGETT, D. Increasing Accountability Through User-Interface Design Artifacts: A New Approach to Addressing the Problem of Access-Policy Violations. MIS quarterly, v. 39, n. 2, p. 345-366, 2015.

VAN GREMBERGEN, W.; DE HAES, S.; GULDENTOPS, E. Structures, processes and relational mechanisms for IT governance. In: VAN GREMBERGEN, W. (Org.) Strategies for information technology governance. Igi Global, 2004, p. 1-36.

VELJKOVIĆ, N.; BOGDANOVIĆ-DINIĆ, S.; STOIMENOV, L. Benchmarking open government: An open data perspective. Government Information Quarterly, v. 31, n. 2, p. 278-290, 2014.

WANG, H. J.; LO, J. Adoption of open government data among government agencies. Government Information Quarterly, v. 33, n. 1, p. 80-88, 2016.

WANG, H. J.; WALTMAN, L. Large-scale analysis of the accuracy of the journal classification systems of Web of Science and Scopus. Journal of Informetrics, v. 10, n. 2, p. 347-364, 2016.

WIEDENHÖFT, G.; LUCIANO, E. M.; TESTA, M. G. Adoção de Mecanismos de Governança de Tecnologia da Informação: uma Visão sobre as Expectativas e Variáveis Consideradas por Profissionais da Área. Proceedings ENAPAD, 2013.

WIRTZ, B. W. et al. Resistance of Public Personnel to Open Government: A cognitive theory view of implementation barriers towards open government data. Public Management Review, v. 18, n. 9, p. 1335-1364, 2016.

WORTHY, B. The Impact of Open Data in the UK: Complex, Unpredictable, and Political. Public Administration, v. 93, n. 3, p. 788-805, 2015.

YANNOUKAKOU, A.; ARAKA, I. Access to government information: Right to information and open government data synergy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, v. 147, p. 332-340, 2014.

ZELETI, F. A.; OJO, A.; CURRY, E. Exploring the economic value of open government data. Government Information Quarterly, v. 33, n. 3, p. 535-551, 2016.

Downloads

Published

2019-04-12

How to Cite

Hickmann Klein, R., Barbiero Klein, D. C., & Mezzomo Luciano, E. (2019). TRANSPARENCY INCREASEMENT OF OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA: PERCEPTION OF BRAZILIAN CITIZEN OBSERVATORIES. Contextus - Contemporary Journal of Economics and Management, 17(1), 8–36. https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v17i1.32834

Issue

Vol. 17 No. 1: Jan/Apr 2019

Section

Articles

License

 

The authors, while doing the submission, accept the notice below:

We authors hold the copyright related to our paper and transfer Contextus journal the right for the first publication with a Creative Commons’ international license of the modality Attribution – Non-commercial 4.0, which in turn allows the paper to be shared providing that both the authorship and the journal’s right for initial release are acknowledged.

Furthermore, we are aware of our permission to take part in additional contracts independently for non-exclusive distribution of the version of our work published in this journal (e.g. publishing it in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), while acknowledging both the authorship and the journal’s initial publication.

We also certify that the paper is original and up to this date has not been released in any other journal, Brazilian or of another nationality, either in Portuguese or another language, as well as it has not been sent for simultaneous publication in other journals.

Last, we not only know that plagiarism is not tolerated by Contextus but also certify the paper presents the sources of passages from cited works, including those authored by ourselves.