EVIDENCIAS DE FORUM SHOPPING EN LA ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIO: UN ANÁLISIS DE LA RED SOCIAL DE DISPUTAS ENTRE ESTADOS MIEMBROS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v17i1.33949Palabras clave:
disputas, Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), forum shopping, análisis de redes, globalizaciónResumen
La intensificación del comercio entre los países ha llevado a la necesidad de regular la conducta de los socios comerciales. El foro de la Organización Mundial del Comercio surgió con la misión de arbitrar esas disputas y hacer el comercio más justo. Sin embargo, muchos países optan por no participar en ese foro a causa de los recursos financieros y legales necesarios para conducir el proceso. El objetivo de esta investigación fue verificar cómo las relaciones dentro de la OMC se configuraron en 2014. Identificamos la dicotomía entre países centrales y emergentes a través del concepto de forum shopping. Los Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea se revelaron como los actores más importantes de la red, mientras que las economías pequeñas tuvieron baja participación, especialmente países de África y Centroamérica. Así, este estudio muestra que muchos miembros de la OMC no utilizan su foro, lo que permite inferir su elección de foros regionales debido a la restricción de recursos.
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