Nivel de divulgación social de las empresas brasileñas sobre los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU): Un estudio de la difusión del objetivo de igualdad de género

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2021.62547

Palabras clave:

asseguramiento, divulgación social, igualdad de género, metas de desarrollo sostenible, responsabilidad social empresarial

Resumen

Este artículo tenía como objetivo verificar si las empresas que elaboraron sus informes observando el estándar Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) y que fueron sometidos a auditoría, así como si las empresas que forman parte del portafolio del Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) adoptan una mayor divulgación. de la igualdad de género. La investigación se basó en el análisis de 61 informes de sostenibilidad publicados en 2019, en el estándar GRI. A partir de la adopción de un método cuantitativo, los resultados del estudio demuestran que las empresas brasileñas tienen un nivel promedio de 51,9% de divulgación de los lineamientos GRI relacionados con el ODS5. Se encontró que el aseguramiento de los informes incide positivamente en la divulgación del ODS5.

Biografía del autor/a

Editinete Andre da Rocha Garcia, Universidade Federal do Ceará

Editinete André da Rocha García es Profesor Adjunto del Departamento de Contabilidad de la Universidad Federal de Ceará. Tiene el título de Doctor en Administración de la Universidad de Fortaleza (UNIFOR). Su interés de investigación se centra en la gestión estratégica, la teoría contable, la responsabilidad social empresarial, el desempeño social empresarial y el análisis cuantitativo. Tiene un proyecto de investigación aprobado en el programa institucional de iniciación científica (PIBIC).

 

Isnara Anterio Araújo, Universidade Federal do Ceará

Estudiante de pregrado en el curso de ciencias contables de la Universidad Federal de Ceará. Becario del programa institucional de iniciación científica (PIBIC).

 

Antonio Rodrigues Albuquerque Filho, Universidade Federal do Ceará

Estudiante de doctorado en Administración y Contraloría de la Universidade Federal de Ceará. Profesor del Centro Universitário Estácio do Ceará.

 

Citas

Agenda 2030. ([s.d.]). http://www.agenda2030.org.br/sobre/

Ahmed, A., Monem, R. M., Delaney, D., & Ng, C. (2017). Gender diversity in corporate boards and continuous disclosure: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 13(2), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2017.05.004

Albuquerque, A. R., Filho, Freire, M. M. A., Cabral, A. C. A., & Santos, S. M. (2019). Influência da Governança Corporativa e da Intangibilidade no desempenho das maiores empresas brasileiras. Revista de Administração FACES Journal, 18(4), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.21714/1984-975FACES0V0N0ART6763

Ali, M., & Konrad, A. M. (2017). Antecedents and consequences of diversity and equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT and lower to middle management. European Management Journal, 35(4), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.02.002

Andrikopoulos, A., Samitas, A., & Bekiaris, M. (2014). Corporate social responsibility reporting in financial institutions: Evidence from Euronext. Research in International Business and Finance, 32, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2014.02.001

Aribi, Z. A., Alqatamin, R. M., & Arun, T. (2018). Gender diversity on boards and forward-looking information disclosure: Evidence from Jordan. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-05-2016-0039

Bagnoli, M., & Watts, S. G. (2017). Voluntary assurance of voluntary CSR disclosure. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 26(1), 205-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12171

Ben-Amar, W., Chang, M., & McIlkenny, P. (2017). Board gender diversity and corporate response to sustainability initiatives: Evidence from the Carbon Disclosure Project. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), 369-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2759-1

Botosan, C. A. (1997). Disclosure level and the cost of equity capital. Accounting Review, 72(3), 323-349. https://www.jstor.org/stable/248475

Botosan, C. A., & Plumlee, M. A. (2002). A re-examination of disclosure level and the expected cost of equity capital. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(1), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00037

Braam, G. J. M., Weerd, L. U., Hauck, M., & Huijbregts, M. A. J. (2016). Determinants of corporate environmental reporting: The importance of environmental performance and assurance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 129, 724-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.039

Bravo, F., & Reguera-Alvarado, N. (2019). Sustainable development disclosure: Environmental, social, and governance reporting and gender diversity in the audit committee. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(2), 418-429. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2258

Calabrese, A., Costa, R., Ghiron, N. L., & Menichini, T. (2018). Gender equality among CSR managers and its influence on sustainable development: A comparison among Italy, Spain and United Kingdom. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(4), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2018.v7n4p451

Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946-967. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159343

Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-G

Celis, I. L.-R., Velasco‐Balmaseda, E., Bobadilla, S. F., Alonso‐Almeida, M. M., & Intxaurburu‐Clemente, G. (2015). Does having women managers lead to increased gender equality practices in corporate social responsibility? business ethics: a european review, 24(1), 91-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12081

Clarkson, P., Li, Y., Richardson, G., & Tsang, A. (2019). Causes and consequences of voluntary assurance of CSR reports International evidence involving Dow Jones Sustainability Index Inclusion and Firm Valuation. Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal, 32(8), 2451-2474. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-03-2018-3424

Commission of the European Communities. (2020). Corporate social responsibility & Responsible business conduct. Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs - European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/sustainability/corporate-social-responsibility_en

Conselho Federal de Contabilidade – CFC (2012). Resolução Nº 1407 de 21/09/2012. CTO 01 - Emissão de Relatório de Asseguração Relacionado com Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Social. https://www.cfc.org.br/sisweb/sre/detalhes_sre.aspx?Codigo=2012/001407

Conselho Federal de Contabilidade – CFC (2015). Norma Brasileira de Contabilidade - NBC TO 3000 - Trabalho de Asseguração Diferente de Auditoria e Revisão. https://www2.cfc.org.br/sisweb/sre/detalhes_sre.aspx?Codigo=2015/NBCTO3000

Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: An analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132

Dutta, P. (2020). Determinants of voluntary sustainability assurance: The importance of corporate environmental performance. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(8), 1403-1414. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-06-2019-0213

Farag, H., Meng, Q., & Mallin, C. (2015). The social, environmental and ethical performance of Chinese companies: Evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange. International Review of Financial Analysis, 42, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2014.12.002

Fávero, L. P., & Belfiore, P. (2017). Manual de análise de dados: Estatística e modelagem multivariada com Excel®, SPSS® e Stata®. Elsevier Brasil.

Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S., & Ruiz, S. (2014). Effect of stakeholders’ pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1748-5

Fuente, J. A., García-Sánchez, I. M., & Lozano, M. B. (2017). The role of the board of directors in the adoption of GRI guidelines for the disclosure of CSR information. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 737-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.155

Garcia, E. A. R., Carvalho, G. M., Boaventura, J. M. G., & Souza, J. M., Filho. (2021). Determinants of corporate social performance disclosure: A literature review. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(4), 445-468. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2016-0224

Garcia-Sanchez, I.-M., & Martinez-Ferrero, J. (2018). Corporate social responsibility performance, disclosure and assurance: Introduction to the Special Issue of Administrative Sciences. Administrative Sciences, 8(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8030054

García‐Sánchez, I.-M., Oliveira, M. C., & Martínez‐Ferrero, J. (2020). Female directors and gender issues reporting: The impact of stakeholder engagement at country level. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(1), 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1811

Global Reporting Initiative, & United Nations Global Compact. (2017). Business Reporting on the SDGs: An Analysis of the Goals and Targets. https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/5361

Grosser, K. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and gender equality: Women as stakeholders and the European Union sustainability strategy. Business Ethics: A European Review, 18(3), 290-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01564.x

Grosser, K., & Moon, J. (2005). The role of corporate social responsibility in gender mainstreaming. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 7(4), 532-554. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740500284524

Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman Editora.

Halliday, C. S., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Fainshmidt, S. (2020). Women on boards of directors: A meta-analytic examination of the roles of organizational leadership and national context for gender equality. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36, 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09679-y

Haque, F., & Jones, M. J. (2020). European firms’ corporate biodiversity disclosures and board gender diversity from 2002 to 2016. British Accounting Review, 52(2), 100893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2020.100893

Hassan, A., Elamer, A. A., Fletcher, M., & Sobhan, N. (2020). Voluntary assurance of sustainability reporting: Evidence from an emerging economy. Accounting Research Journal, 33(2), 391-410. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-10-2018-0169

Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: What’s the bottom line? Strategic Management Journal, 22(2), 125-139. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200101)22:2<125::AID-SMJ150>3.0.CO;2-H

Hossain, D. M., Ahmad, N. N. N., & Siraj, S. A. (2016). Marxist feminist perspective of corporate gender disclosures. Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, 7, 11-24. https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2016-07-02

International Labour Office. (2007). ABC of Women Worker’s Rights and Gender Equality. http://www.ilo.org/gender/Informationresources/Publications/WCMS_087314/lang--en/index.htm

King, T. L., Kavanagh, A., Scovelle, A. J., & Milner, A. (2020). Associations between gender equality and health: A systematic review. Health Promotion International, 35(1), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day093

Kolk, A., & Perego, P. (2010). Determinants of the adoption of sustainability assurance statements: An international investigation. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(3), 182-198. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.643

KPMG. (2020). The Time Has Come: The KPMG Survey of Sustainability Reporting 2020. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/11/the-time-has-come-survey-of-sustainability-reporting.html

Kraemer, M. E. P. (2005). Responsabilidade social corporativa: Uma contribuição das empresas para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Revista Eletrônica de Ciência Administrativa, 4(1), 1-50. https://doi.org/10.5329/RECADM.20050401005

Kuo, L., Yeh, C.-C., & Yu, H.-C. (2012). Disclosure of corporate social responsibility and environmental management: Evidence from China. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 19(5), 273-287. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.274

Liao, L., Luo, L., & Tang, Q. (2015). Gender diversity, board independence, environmental committee and greenhouse gas disclosure. British Accounting Review, 47(4), 409-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2014.01.002

Manita, R., Bruna, M. G., Dang, R., & Houanti, L. (2018). Board gender diversity and ESG disclosure: Evidence from the USA. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 19(2), 206-224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-01-2017-0024

Mapurunga, P. V. R., Ponte, V. M. R., Coelho, A. C. D., & Meneses, A. F. (2011). Determinantes do nível de disclosure de instrumentos financeiros derivativos em firmas brasileiras. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 22(57), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-70772011000300003

Martínez, M. C. V., Cervantes, P. A. M., & Rambaud, S. C. (2020). Women on corporate boards and sustainable development in the American and European markets: Is there a limit to gender policies? Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(6), 2642-2656. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1989

Martinez-Ferrero, J., & Garcia-Sanchez, I.-M. (2017a). Coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphism as determinants of the voluntary assurance of sustainability reports. International Business Review, 26(1), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.05.009

Martinez-Ferrero, J., & Garcia-Sanchez, I.-M. (2017b). Sustainability assurance and cost of capital: Does assurance impact on credibility of corporate social responsibility information? Business Ethics - A European Review, 26(3), 223-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12152

Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2008). “Implicit” and “explicit” CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 404-424. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2008.31193458

Medina-Vicent, M. (2014). Business ethics and gender equality: The basis for a new leadership model. In C. Bratianu, A. Zbuchea, F. Pinzaru, & E. M. Vatamanescu (Orgs.), Strategica: Management, Finance, and Ethics (pp. 931-943). Tritonic Publ House.

Miles, K. (2011). Embedding gender in sustainability reports. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 2, 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1108/20408021111162164

Moroney, R., Windsor, C., & Aw, Y. T. (2012). Evidence of assurance enhancing the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures: An empirical analysis. Accounting & Finance, 52(3), 903-939. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2011.00413.x

OIT. (2010). Igualdade de gênero e raça no trabalho: Avanços e desafios. http://www.ilo.org/brasilia/publicacoes/WCMS_229333/lang--pt/index.htm

Oliveira, M. C., Luca, M. M. M., Ponte, V. M. R., & Pontes, J. É., Junior. (2009). Disclosure of social information by Brazilian companies according to United Nations indicators of corporate social responsibility. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 20(51), 116-132. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-70772009000300008

Oliveira, M. C., Rodrigues, M. S., Junior, Oliveira Lima, S. H., & de Freitas, G. A. (2018). The Influence of the Characteristics of the National Business System in the Disclosure of Gender-Related Corporate Social Responsibility Practices. Administrative Sciences, 8(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8020014

Organização das Nações Unidas, & Brasil. (2016). Transformando nosso mundo: A agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável, 2016. http://www.agenda2030.org.br/ods/5/

Orsato, R. J., Garcia, A., Mendes-Da-Silva, W., Simonetti, R., & Monzoni, M. (2015). Sustainability indexes: Why join in? A study of the ‘Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE)’ in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.071

Pinto, S., Villiers, C., & Samkin, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility disclosures during the Global Financial Crisis: New Zealand evidence. New Zealand Journal of Applied Business Research (NZJABR), 12(2), 33-49.

Pucheta-Martínez, M. C., Bel-Oms, I., & Olcina-Sempere, G. (2018). The association between board gender diversity and financial reporting quality, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility disclosure. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 31(1), 177-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-04-2017-0110

Razavi, S. (2016). The 2030 Agenda: Challenges of implementation to attain gender equality and women’s rights. Gender & Development, 24(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2016.1142229

Rodrigues, M. S., Junior, Oliveira, M. C., Marcos, I. M. A. R. A., & Rodrigues, G. R. (2017). Disclosure of gender-based social information by Brazilian companies that signed the women’s empowerment principle. Risus - Journal on Innovation and Sustainability, 8(4), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i4p3-23

Rodrigues, M. S., Junior. (2020). Análise multinível da divulgação de ações de responsabilidade social empresarial relativas à equidade de gênero (Tese de doutorado). Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/54245

Rufino, M. A., & Machado, M. R. (2017). Relação de dependência entre a divulgação voluntária social e ambiental e as características das empresas de capital aberto no Brasil. Revista Ambiente Contábil, 9(1), 344-363.

Schwab, K. (2019). Why we need the “Davos Manifesto” for a better kind of capitalism. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/why-we-need-the-davos-manifesto-for-better-kind-of-capitalism/

Simnett, R., Vanstraelen, A., & Chua, W. F. (2009). Assurance on sustainability reports: An international comparison. The Accounting Review, 84(3), 937-967. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2009.84.3.937

Steil, A. V. (1997). Organizações, gênero e posição hierárquica – compreendendo o fenômeno do teto de vido. Revista de Administração, 32, 62-69.

Thompson, L. J. (2008). Gender equity and corporate social responsibility in a post-feminist era. Business Ethics: A European Review, 17(1), 87-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2008.00523.x

Tingbani, I., Chithambo, L., Tauringana, V., & Papanikolaou, N. (2020). Board gender diversity, environmental committee and greenhouse gas voluntary disclosures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2194-2210. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2495

Torres, L. D., Jain, A., & Leka, S. (2019). (Un) doing gender for achieving equality at work: The role of corporate social responsibility. Business Strategy and Development, 2(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.40

Villiers, C., & Marques, A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility, country-level predispositions, and the consequences of choosing a level of disclosure. Accounting and Business Research, 46(2), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2015.1039476

Wasiuzzaman, S., & Mohammad, W. M. W. (2020). Board gender diversity and transparency of environmental, social and governance disclosure: Evidence from Malaysia. Managerial and Decision Economics, 41(1), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3099

Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691-718. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1991.4279616

World Economic Forum. (2020). Global Gender Gap Report 2020. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/reports/gender-gap-2020-report-100-years-pay-equality/

Publicado

2021-07-11

Cómo citar

Garcia, E. A. da R., Araújo, I. A., & Albuquerque Filho, A. R. (2021). Nivel de divulgación social de las empresas brasileñas sobre los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU): Un estudio de la difusión del objetivo de igualdad de género. Contextus – Revista Contemporánea De Economía Y Gestión, 19, 217–231. https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2021.62547

Número

Sección

Artículos