TRIBUNAIS MISTOS: UMA ANÁLISE DO CONCEITO

Danielle Annoni; Camila Dabrowski de Araujo Mendonça

Autores/as

Danielle Annoni Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR
Camila Dabrowski de Araujo Mendonça Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC

Palabras clave:

Tribunais Mistos, Direito Penal Internacional, Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos

Resumen

RESUMO: A criação de tribunais mistos representa uma nova fase no desenvolvimento do Direito Penal Internacional e seu papel nesse cenário ainda está se consolidando. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a conceituação desse novo tipo de tribunal, com especial foco na identificação de elementos definidores dos mesmos. Nesse sentido, entende-se que os tribunais mistos são jurisdições penais compostas por elementos nacionais e internacionais, diferenciado-se, portanto, das jurisdições penais puramente nacionais e puramente internacionais. Após a apresentação dos casos existentes de tribunais mistos – Timor Leste, Kosovo, Bósnia Herzegovina, Serra Leoa, Camboja, Líbano e Senegal – identifica-se algumas características comuns a eles, visando a identificação de elementos definidores. Tal análise permite avaliar que, longe de ser um modelo rígido, é possível identificar elementos que permitem agrupar tais jurisdições em um mesmo conceito, apesar das particularidades de cada caso.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tribunais Mistos, Direito Penal Internacional

Biografía del autor/a

Danielle Annoni, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR

Doutora em Direito Internacional pela UFSC. Professora do Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Direito da UFSC. Professora de Direito Internacional e Direitos Humanos na UFPR. Coordenadora do Observatorio de Direitos Humanos e Titular da Catedra Sergio Vieira de Mello do ACNUR, ambos pela UFSC.

Camila Dabrowski de Araujo Mendonça, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC

Doutoranda em Direito (UFSC). Mestre em Direito (UFSC). Bacharel em Relações Interacionais (UNICURITIBA). Bacharel e licenciada em História (UFPR). Bolsista do CNPq.

Citas

REFERÊNCIAS

BURKE-WHITE, William W.. A Community of Courts: Towards a System of International Criminal Law Enforcement. Michigan Journal of International Law, Lansing, vol. 24, n. 1, 2002, p. 1-101.

CASSESE, Antonio. International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2003.

COCKAYNE, James. The Fraying Shoestring: Rethinking Hybrid War Crimes Tribunals. Fordham International Law Journal. vol. 28, 2004, p. 616-680. Disponível em: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj/vol28/iss3/4/.

COLITTI, Mariacarmen. Geographical and Jurisdictional Reach of the ICC: gaps in the International Criminal Justice System and a role for internationalized bodies. ?. In: ROMANO, Cesare P. R.; NOLLKAEMPER, Andre; KLEFFNER, Jann K. Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals: Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2004. p. 417-426.

CONDORELLI, Luigi; BOUTRUCHE, Théo. Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals: are they necessary?. In: ROMANO, Cesare P. R.; NOLLKAEMPER, Andre; KLEFFNER, Jann K. Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals: Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2004. p. 427-436.

DICKINSON, Laura A. The Promise of Hybrid Courts. American Journal of International Law, Washington, vol. 97, 2003, p. 295-310. Disponível em: <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=481683>.

DONLON, Fidelma. The Transition of Responsibilities from the Special Court to the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone: challenges and lessons learned for other international tribunals. Journal of International Criminal Justice, v. 11, n. 5, 2013, p. 857-874.

HIGONNET, Ethel R. Restructuring Hybrid Courts: Local, Empowerment and National Criminal Justice Reform. Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law, Phoenix, v. 23, n. 2, 2006. p. 347-435.

LIMA, Renata Mantovani de. Tribunais Híbridos e Justiça Internacional Penal. Belo Horizonte: Arraes, 2012.

MÉGRET, Frederic. In Defense of Hybridity: Towards a Representational Theory of International Criminal Justice. Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 38, 2005. 39 p. Disponível em: <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1285471>.

MENDEZ, P. K. The new wave of hybrid tribunals: a sophisticated approach to enforcing international humanitarian Law or an idealistic solution with empty promises?. Criminal Law Forum, v. 20, n. 1, p. 53-95, mar. 2009.

NOUWEN, Sarah. Hybrid courts: the hybrid category of a new type of international crimes courts. Utrecht Law Review, Utrecht, v.2, n.2, 2006. Disponível em: <http://www.utrechtlawreview.org/index.php/ulr/article/view/32/32>.

OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: maximizing the legacy of hybrid courts. New York; Geneva: United Nations, 2008.

POCAR, Fausto. Completion or Continuation Strategy?. Journal of International Criminal Justice, Oxford, v. 6, n. 4, p. 655-709, set. 2008.

POCAR, Fausto. The Proliferation of International Criminal Courts and Tribunals: A Necessity in the Current International Community. Journal of International Criminal Justice 2, 2004. p. 304-308.

ROMANO, Cesare P. R.; NOLLKAEMPER, Andre; KLEFFNER, Jann K. Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals: Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2004.

SANDS, Philippe. From Nuremberg to The Hague: the future of International Criminal Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

STROMSETH, Jane. Justice on the Ground: Can International Criminal Courts Strengthen Domestic Rule of Law in Post Conflict Societies?. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, v.1, n.1, p. 87-97, mar. 2009.

WILLIAMS, Sarah. Hybrid and Internationalised Criminal Tribunals: selected jurisdictional issues. Oxford; Portland: Hart, 2012.

WILLIAMS, Sarah. ICTY and ICTR (completion Strategy). In: CASSESE, Antonio (ed.). The Oxford Companion to International Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 362-363.

WILLIAMS, Sarah. The Extraordinary African Chambers in the Senegalese Courts: an African solution to an African problem?. Journal of International Criminal Justice, v. 11, n. 5, p. 1139-1160, dec. 2013.

Documentos

CAMBODIA. Law on the Establishment of Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for the Prosecution of Crimes committed during the period of Democratic Kampuchea – with inclusion of amendments as promulgated on 27 October 2004. 2004. Disponível em: <http://www.eccc.gov.kh/sites/default/files/legal-documents/KR_Law_as_amended_27_Oct_2004_Eng.pdf>. Acesso em: 28 de junho de 2013.

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT. Memorandum of Understanding regarding Administrative Arrangements between the International Criminal Court and the Special Court for Sierra Leone. 2006. Disponível em: <http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/66184EF8-E181-403A-85B8-3D07487D1FF1/140161/ICCPRES030106_en.pdf>. Acesso em: 06 de novembro de 2012.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1181- Adopted by the Security Council at its 3902nd meeting, on 13 July 1998.1998. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1181(1998)>. Acesso em: 30 de julho de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1244- Adopted by the Security Council at its 4011th meeting, on 10 June 1999.1999a. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1244(1999)>. Acesso em: 28 de agosto de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1246 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 4013th meeting, on 11 June 1999. 1999b. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1246(1999)>. Acesso em: 30 de julho de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1264 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 4045th meeting, on 15 September 1999. 1999c. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1264(1999)>. Acesso em 30 de julho de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1270 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 4054th meeting, on 22 October 1999. 1999d. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1270(1999)>. Acesso em 30 de julho de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1272 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 4057th meeting, on 25 October 1999. 1999e. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1272(1999)>. Acesso em 30 de julho de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1595 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 5160th meeting, on 7 April 2005. 2005. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1595(2005)>. Acesso em: 17 de setembro de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1704 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 5516th meeting, on 25 August 2006. 2006. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1704(2006)>. Acesso em 30 de julho de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 1757 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 5685th meeting, on 30 May 2007. 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1757(2007)>. Acesso em: 17 de setembro de 2013.

SECURITY COUNCIL. Resolution 745 - Adopted by the Security Council at its 3057th meeting, on 28 February 1992. 1992. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/745(1992)>. Acesso em: 28 de julho de 2013.

STATUTE of the Extraordinary African Chambers within the Senegalese judicial system for the prosecution of international crimes committed on the territory of the Republic of Chad during the period from 7 June 1982 to 1 December 1990. 2012. Disponível em: <http://legal.au.int/en/sites/default/files/Agreement%20AU-Senegal%20establishing%20AEC-english_0.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 de dezembro de 2014.

STATUTE of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, annexed to the Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone on the Establishment of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. 2002. Disponível em: <http://www.sc-sl.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=uClnd1MJeEw%3d&tabid=176>. Acesso em: 16 de agosto de 2013.

UNTAET. Regulation nº 2000/15 – On the Establishment of Panels with Exclusive Jurisdiction over Serious Criminal Offences. 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/etimor/untaetR/Reg0015E.pdf>. Acesso em: 01 de agosto de 2013.